Chromosome Y News and Research

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The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans (the other is the X chromosome). The sex chromosomes form one of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes in each cell. The Y chromosome spans about 58 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and represents almost 2 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. The Y chromosome is present in males, who have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.

Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. The Y chromosome likely contains between 70 and 200 genes. Because only males have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and development. Sex is determined by the SRY gene, which is responsible for the development of a fetus into a male. Other genes on the Y chromosome are important for male fertility.

Many genes are unique to the X or Y chromosome, but genes in an area known as the pseudoautosomal region are present on both chromosomes. As a result, men and women each have two functional copies of these genes. Many genes in the pseudoautosomal region are essential for normal development.

Genes on the Y chromosome are among the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 total genes in the human genome.

Phase I/II LIBRETTO-001 trial: RET inhibitor achieves durable objective responses across multiple tumors

The highly selective RET inhibitor selpercatinib was well-tolerated and achieved durable objective responses across multiple tumor types in the Phase I/II LIBRETTO-001 trial, according to researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

12 Sep 2022

GnRH therapy could improve cognitive deficits in men with Down syndrome

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy improves cognitive function in Down syndrome (DS) mouse models and male patients with DS, according to a new study.

1 Sep 2022

Gene variants associated with blood type may contribute to risk of early stroke

Gene variants associated with a person's blood type may be linked to their risk of early stroke, according to a new meta-analysis published in the August 31, 2022, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

1 Sep 2022

Brain activity patterns during sleep shed light on the neurobiology behind 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

The brain activity patterns during sleep shed light on the neurobiology behind a genetic condition called 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) and could be used as a biomarker to detect the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders in people with 22q11.2DS.

30 Aug 2022

Genetic screening before pregnancy detects the risk in 44% of couples

Are would-be parents carrying a genetic risk of serious illnesses that they could potentially pass on to their children? In the USA, doctors recommend that couples have genetic screening before trying to conceive.

30 Aug 2022

Study addresses food texture challenges in the life of children with Down syndrome

Children with Down syndrome prefer food with a crispy, oily mouthfeel and don't like brittle or gooey foods. But those preferences can lead to a less nutritious diet, according to Washington State University research published in the Journal of Texture Studies.

29 Aug 2022

Facial recognition algorithms show genetic similarities in genetically unrelated look-alike humans

In a new study, researchers identified look-alike humans who were genetically unrelated using facial recognition (FR) algorithms for multi-omics studies.

25 Aug 2022

Simple blood test can accurately detect Alzheimer's disease in people with Down syndrome

Around 80% of people with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer's disease, often when they are between 40 and 50 years old.

24 Aug 2022

Combination of new testing methods helps identify multiple dementia risk genes

A new UCLA-led study has identified multiple new risk genes for Alzheimer's disease and a rare, related brain disorder called progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) by using a combination of new testing methods allowing for mass screening of genetic variants in a single experiment.

18 Aug 2022

GPNMB established as a risk gene and potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease

Computational, cell biological, and human tissue-based studies establish GPNMB as a risk gene and potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's Disease (PD), researchers report.

18 Aug 2022

The eyes of mutant zebrafish help understand the role of a protein in preventing cell death

Around 15 years ago, a group of researchers discovered mutant zebrafish. The eyes of these zebrafish did not develop correctly, resulting in them being significantly smaller than the eyes of wild zebrafish.

9 Aug 2022

Research progress on the three-dimensional interaction between virus and host genome

A recent study reviewed the current progress on 3D interactions between host and viral genomes.

8 Aug 2022

NIH researchers develop three-dimensional structure of twinkle protein

Researchers from the National Institutes of Health have developed a three-dimensional structure that allows them to see how and where disease mutations on the twinkle protein can lead to mitochondrial diseases.

5 Aug 2022

Study reveals the effects of an atypical mode of chromosome arrangement on genome architecture and evolution

A research team led by André Marques at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne, Germany, has uncovered the profound effects of an atypical mode of chromosome arrangement on genome organization and evolution.

4 Aug 2022

Fruit fly genome contains whole genomes of a kind of bacteria, study finds

A fruit fly genome is not a just made up of fruit fly DNA – at least for one fruit fly species. New research from the University of Maryland School of Medicine's (UMSOM) Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS) shows that one fruit fly species contains whole genomes of a kind of bacteria, making this finding the largest bacteria-to-animal transfer of genetic material ever discovered. The new research also sheds light on how this happens.

3 Aug 2022

Study shows cellular differences in brain development between modern humans and Neanderthals

Dresden and Leipzig researchers find that stem cells in the developing brain of modern humans take longer to divide and make fewer errors when distributing their chromosomes to their daughter cells, compared to those of Neanderthals.

29 Jul 2022

Study identifies risks in the use of CRISPR therapeutics

The researchers caution: "The CRISPR genome editing method is very effective, but not always safe. Sometimes cleaved chromosomes do not recover and genomic stability is compromised - which in the long run might promote cancer."

25 Jul 2022

Men with hematopoietic mosaic loss of Y chromosome have worse prognosis for heart failure

research group led by Dr. Soichi Sano, a specially appointed lecturer in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, revealed that men with hematopoietic mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) — meaning men with an increase, in the blood, of cells that have lost the male sex chromosome — have a worse prognosis for heart failure due to fibrosis progression in the heart.

15 Jul 2022

Moffitt researchers reveal how RNA molecules promote the development of melanoma metastasis

Changes in DNA can lead to the development and progression of cancer. DNA serves as a template for an intermediary molecule called RNA that, in turn, codes for proteins that control all cellular processes.

15 Jul 2022

Mosaic loss of Y chromosome increases risk for heart failure and cardiac fibrosis in men

Why a condition that frequently occurs in aging men, in which an increasing number of hematopoietic cells display a loss of the Y chromosome, is associated with increased risk of mortality and age-related diseases is now a little clearer, thanks to work in mice.

15 Jul 2022

Chromosome Y News and Research

Further Reading

Phase I/II LIBRETTO-001 trial: RET inhibitor achieves durable objective responses across multiple tumors

GnRH therapy could improve cognitive deficits in men with Down syndrome

Gene variants associated with blood type may contribute to risk of early stroke

Brain activity patterns during sleep shed light on the neurobiology behind 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Genetic screening before pregnancy detects the risk in 44% of couples

Study addresses food texture challenges in the life of children with Down syndrome

Facial recognition algorithms show genetic similarities in genetically unrelated look-alike humans

Simple blood test can accurately detect Alzheimer's disease in people with Down syndrome

Combination of new testing methods helps identify multiple dementia risk genes

GPNMB established as a risk gene and potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease

The eyes of mutant zebrafish help understand the role of a protein in preventing cell death

Research progress on the three-dimensional interaction between virus and host genome

NIH researchers develop three-dimensional structure of twinkle protein

Study reveals the effects of an atypical mode of chromosome arrangement on genome architecture and evolution

Fruit fly genome contains whole genomes of a kind of bacteria, study finds

Study shows cellular differences in brain development between modern humans and Neanderthals

Study identifies risks in the use of CRISPR therapeutics

Men with hematopoietic mosaic loss of Y chromosome have worse prognosis for heart failure

Moffitt researchers reveal how RNA molecules promote the development of melanoma metastasis

Mosaic loss of Y chromosome increases risk for heart failure and cardiac fibrosis in men

Expanding research and clinical options for children with cancer

Examining how pain could play a direct protective role in the gut

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