Kromosom Manusia

Kromosom dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis - autosom, dan kromosom seks. Sifat genetik tertentu yang terkait dengan seks Anda, dan diwariskan melalui kromosom seks. Autosom berisi sisa informasi turun-temurun genetik. Semua bertindak dengan cara yang sama selama pembelahan sel.

Sel manusia memiliki 23 pasang kromosom besar nuklir linier, (22 pasang autosom dan satu pasang kromosom seks) memberikan total 46 sel per. Selain ini, sel-sel manusia memiliki ratusan salinan dari genom mitokondria.

The 22 autosomes are numbered by size. The other two chromosomes, X and Y, are the sex chromosomes. This picture of the human chromosomes lined up in pairs is called a karyotype. Image Credit: U.S. National Library of Medicine

Para 22 autosom diberi nomor oleh ukuran. Dua lainnya kromosom, X dan Y, adalah kromosom seks. Ini gambar kromosom manusia berbaris dalam pasangan disebut kariotipe. Gambar Kredit: US National Library of Medicine

Sekuensing genom manusia telah memberikan banyak informasi tentang masing-masing kromosom. Di bawah ini adalah tabel kompilasi statistik untuk kromosom, berdasarkan informasi genom manusia Institut Sanger dalam Genome Database Anotasi Vertebrata (VEGA).

Jumlah gen merupakan perkiraan karena sebagian didasarkan pada prediksi gen. Panjang kromosom Total perkiraan juga, berdasarkan perkiraan ukuran daerah heterochromatin unsequenced.

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