A US-led international team of scientists have discovered how the deadliest malaria parasite is able to "hide" from the body's immune system.
The research team, scientists from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Maryland and the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, says that a parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, constantly changes the appearance of a protein it deposits on infected cells.
Professor Chris Newbold, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine says it has evolved to have a long life because it has to be around long enough to live in a mosquito before it is transmitted to a human and it does this by continuously changing the version of a protein known as PfEMP1 that it deposits on the surface of infected cells.
This means the human immune system does not have enough time to begin making antibodies against the protein before the parasite changes its appearance. The team says the discovery could lead to new avenues for drug research.
Malaria causes more than 300 million acute illnesses and at least one million deaths each year, most of them in developing countries.
Professor Chris Newbold says it has evolved to have a long life because it has to be around long enough to live in a mosquito before it is transmitted to a human and it does this by continuously changing the version of a protein known as PfEMP1 that it deposits on the surface of infected cells and says as yet not enough is understood about the mechanics of the parasite.
Scientists already knew that a family of genes known as var controls the production of PfEMP1, and the malaria parasite's genome contains at least 50 var genes, but only one is expressed at any given time, giving rise to a single version of the PfEMP1 protein.