Race differences in average IQ are largely genetic

I have always thought that north west Europeans had the highest IQs in the world, however the book IQ and the Wealth of Nations has the smartest whites as Germans, Austrians and Italians, with East Asians beating them. Considering the lifestyles in Scandinavia, and comparing them to the rest of the worlds, especially east Asia, makes be conclude that far North west Europeans have by far the best suite of intellectual characteristics of the world's people. They are not overpopulated, never have been, and this alone makes be believe that they are better than the rest of us.

Left out in this short article is that East Asians have a lower I.Q. for language--97 is reported in the Bible of race and I.Q. studies--Herrenstein and Murray's fascinating work "The Bell Curve."

Also, Eskanazi Jews have a higher I.Q. (~110) than corresponding caucasians.

Leftist ideologues cannot abide by these results, so anyone holding them is immediately given the treatment, i.e., totally ignored. Then if the opinions come out anyway, ferociously attacked on a personal basis beginning with lunacy and quickly heading downhill from there. Under no circumstances will the evidence ever be disputed, because it is by now indisputable. At best one hears the standard canard that the opinion is "deeply flawed," without, of course, describing any flaws.

Results like this will never fly in our politically correct world.  Most Americans believe that their is no genetic differences in any race.  They believe this because of the media, and colleges and universities.  Our society has been pro minority for a long time, and that will never change, at least in my lifetime.  People believe what they want to, what they are told, and what makes the most sense emotionally.  It seems like a nice thought, that everybody is born the same with the same capabilities.  It is fair, and this idea means that people don't need to be discouraged by there birth race.  It would be horrible to be told that you aren't very smart because of your race.  But life isn't fair.  Different races, and different individuals of the same race have genetic differences in I.Q.
Just don't ever expect the mainstream citizen to ever believe it.   There is a myth that America is a fair, honest and justice seeking nation.  Recent developments would seem to indicate otherwise.

This article does not provide a coherent scientific definition of race that would make for reliable measurement. The authors and their defenders keep assuming that if they keep talking about their racial categories as if they had biological reality, they will. But what is a "US black"? There is no biological reality to that concept, only a social one. Saying there is does not make it so and until a rational explanation is provided for how conventional racial categories have any consistent biological meaning, studies like this will be worthless. The conclusion is laughable--the implications of the research are clearly that people should be treated as members of groups--after all, why waste resources on people who lack the intelligence, to the authors, to ever use those resources.

Of course race is real.. that's why Asians are genetically predisposed to be lactose-intolerant, or blacks have higher rates of prostate cancer.

Truth will set world Free... Free. Free.

Truth is Not a personal opinions.

Truth must be from public-evidence.

Evidence published for the world to see.

Digital publishing Web-publishing Net-publishing will all world to access the truth.

Web-publshing of public-evidence. public-facts. will allow world to know the truth.

Truth will set world Free. Truth will us Free.

I understand what Marc was trying to say. The United States-The Great Melting Pot! While I suppose I still qualify as caucasian, I do have some Cherokee genes, thanks to my Great-Grandmother. I am also Irish, German, and English. Which am I the most of? No idea!
African-Americans, Asian-Americans... Without looking at their individual family trees, their own genetic make-up, how do you decide which "race" is the predominant one? Going by skin tone or the degree of slant to one's eye seems a bit simplistic.
These studies really do bother me. I expect now to see the next study saying, yes, Blacks are the better athletes, as a famous sports announcer was once ridiculed for spouting!  

Crawford-Nutt (1976) found that African black students enrolled in westernized schools scored higher on progressive matrix tests than did American white students. The study was meant to examine perceptual/cultural differences between groups, and demonstrated that one’s performance on western standardized tests may actually correspond more closely with the quality and style of schooling that one receives more so than other factors. These findings closely support research suggesting that the forms of recognition and reasoning found on Progressive Matrixes tests are exercised and maintained within a western style educational setting (Ceci & Williams, 1997; Ceci, 1991; Richardson, 2000, 2002). Buj (1981) also showed Ghanaian adults in another study to score higher on the same supposedly ‘culture fair’ intelligence test than did Irish adults; scores were 80 (Ghanaian) and 78 (Irish), respectively. While Shuttleworth-Edwards et al (2004) in a study with black South Africans between the ages of 19–30, showed highly significant effects for both level and quality of education within groups whose first language was an indigenous black African language. For example, black African first language groups (as well as white English speaking groups) with “advantaged education” were comparable with the US standardization in IQ test scores (e.g. WAIS-III).  

Other programs have shown dramatic improvement in test scores for socially disadvantaged adolescents as a result of short-term cognitive training, so that "…three months later their performance was indistinguishable from that of middle class students” (Feuerstein & Kozulin, 1995, p. 74). Studies done with Ethiopian immigrant students coming from extraordinarily poor rural circumstances tested in Israel by different IQ tests had, in pre-intervention tests, demonstrated lower test scores than the Israeli norm. However, after a short but intensive teaching process the Ethiopian immigrant children performed at about the same level as the Israeli norm (Tzuriel & Kaufman, 1999; Kozulin, 1998).

Bond (1924) early last century pointed out that the average IQ scores of African Americans from several northern states were higher than those for whites from many southern states (Bond, 1924a, p. 63). He argued that African Americans who migrated to the North must have left their "duller and less accomplished White fellows in the South." Bond also believed that IQ test scores reflected social and educational training. Inline with this belief, Jenkins's (1936) reported the results of IQ tests given to Black and White children in Illinois, and found that the proportion of students with scores over 130 was the same among Black and White children when environmental influences were comparable. A later study, involving Caribbean children, would in essence replicate these findings. The results from that study showed that when raised in the same enriched institutional environments as white children, black children demonstrated superior IQ test scores. IQs were: Black children 108, Mixed children 106, and White children 103 (Tizard et al, 1972).

Studies also show that upward of 99% of group IQ score differences between healthy black and white Americans are eliminated after controlling for cultural factors. Manly et al (1998) found that after cultural factors such as linguistic behavior (e.g. black vs. standard English) are controlled between healthy black and white Americans that IQ score differences between these populations virtually disappear; becoming insignificant in all but only one area (a reading section)! Some argue that because those who construct standardized tests come from a narrow social group that it follows that test items will contain information and structures that match the background knowledge of some people more than others (Richardson, 2000). This may explain why “acculturation” is found to predict IQ score differences better than virtually any other variable, aside from literacy levels (which is essentially another mediator of culture). Other studies have shown similar results, after controlling for cultural factors. Fagan and Holland (2002) found that where exposure to specific information was required; whites knew more about the meanings of different sayings than did Blacks, due to exposure. But, when comprehension was based on generally available information, Whites and Blacks did not differ (Fagan and Holland, 2002; see also, Fagan and Holland, 2007). This study also found that when Blacks and Whites are matched as to the comprehension of sayings requiring specific knowledge that Blacks were superior to Whites on intelligence tests (ibid).  

Teng and Manly (2005) argue that tests developed for members of the majority culture are often inappropriate for ethnic minorities, especially those who speak a different language, have little or no formal education, and grow up in vastly different circumstances (see also, Williams, 1972; Boone et al, 2007). These researchers further argue that variables that directly affect test performance, such as education and acculturation instead of race or ethnicity, should be considered as explanatory variables for test performance (Teng and Manly, 2005). Boone et al (2007) obtained findings that further supported this line, as not ethnic differences, but the effects of acculturation directly and significantly influenced IQ test performance. The authors cautioned that normative data derived on Caucasian samples may not be appropriate for use with other ethnic groups (Boone et al, 2007). Ryan et al (2005) found that discrepancy in reading and education level was associated with worse psychological test performance (e.g. IQ and other tests), while racial/ethnic minority status was not.

in the United States, when matched for IQ with Whites, American Blacks have been shown to demonstrate superior “Working Memory” (Nijenhuis et al., 2004). This is a particularly interesting finding as African Americans tend to be taught by less qualified teachers (e.g. non-certified teachers and teachers with limited experience) than their white counterparts, and are provided with less challenging school work (Hallinan 1994; Diamond et al., 2004; Uhlenberg and Brown 2004). In Chicago, for example, the vast majority of schools placed on academic probation as part of the district accountability efforts were majority African-American and low-income (Diamond and Spillane 2004). Thus, it is somewhat of a surprise that African Americans should outperform white Americans on any portion of a paper and pencil test designed to mimic the structures of western style schooling and culture (Richardson, 2000, 2002).

Educational inequality in the U.S. is a pervasive part of the social system and is primarily a consequence of housing. Since the majority of states determine school funding based on property taxes, schools in wealthier neighborhoods receive more funding per student. As home values in white neighborhoods are higher than minority neighborhoods, local schools receive more funding via property taxes (Kelly, 1995). In addition, there has been a history of social policy which has limited African American’s access to avenues of wealth accumulation (e.g. purchasing suburban homes); so that black families also have far fewer assets than their white counterparts who earn the same incomes (Oliver and Shapiro, 1995). Parents with greater assets are free to use them for things like tutors, purchasing educational materials (e.g. computers), and to pay for private schools and more expensive colleges.  

In a study which helped to highlight the need for better education for African American children, Serpell et al. (2006) took 162 low-income African American and white fourth graders and assigned them, randomly, to ethnically homogeneous groups of three to work on a motion acceleration task, using computer simulation or physical tools. Or to a control group that did not participate in the learning activities. It was shown that both African American and White students performed equally well on the test of initial learning, with both groups scoring significantly higher than the control group. However, it was also found that African American children’s transfer outcomes were superior to those of their White counterparts (see Serpell et al., 2006). The study demonstrated, empirically, that not only do African American children learn as well as white children, but that they may actually exceed their white counterparts in their ability to transfer learned abilities to real tasks.

Barnes (1972) noted that the Stanford-Binet, and the Wisc IQ tests are examples of “Culture specific tests,” and that the culture in this instance is what is referred to as “white middle class” culture. Lyman (1970) designed a cross cultural test called the “American Cross Culture Ethnic Nomenclature Test”, or “ACCENT.” The instrument contained 20 black biased and 20 white biased items. In one experiment this test was administered to 110 undergraduates (91 whites and 19 blacks) where it was found that the black participants out performed the white participants. Blacks obtained a mean of 15.3 on the black items and 11.1 on the white items, while white subjects obtained a mean of 12.7 on the white items and 8.3 on the black items. The results of this study indicated that when blacks and whites are tested cross-culturally that blacks may outperform whites on standardized tests.

Williams and Rivers (1972b) showed that test instructions in Standard English penalize the black child and that if the language of the test is put in familiar labels, without training or coaching, the black child’s performance on the tests increase significantly. Ideally a child’s language development should be evaluated in terms of his progress toward the norms for his own particular speech community (Cadzen, 1966); however, this kind of evaluation is rarely, if ever, done with respect to African Americans. Studies using sentence repetition tasks have found that at both third and fifth grades white subjects repeated Standard English sentences significantly more accurately than black subjects, while black subjects repeated nonstandard English sentences significantly more accurately than did white subjects (Marwit et al, 1977). Students in American schools are usually taught and tested only in Standard English, which can put African American students at a disadvantage. In fact, this issue was at the center debates concerning the use of Ebonics in the American school system during the 1990s.

Researchers provide considerable evidence showing that traditional psychological assessment is based on skills that are considered important within white, western, middle-class culture, but which may not be salient or valued within African-American culture (Helms, 1992; Helms, 1997; Hilliard, 1995; Boone et al, 2007; Teng and Manly, 2005). Kwate (2001) argues that IQ tests are antagonistic and incompatible with an African centered conception of intelligence and mental health, while a study by Obiakor and Utley (2004) showed that culturally diverse learners are often excluded in educational programs in the U.S. through misidentification, misassessment, miscategorization, misplacement, and misinstruction-misintervention. When test stimuli are more culturally pertinent to the experiences of African Americans, performance improves (Hayles, 1991; Williams and Rivers, 1972b). For example, research shows that “Black Culture” depicts problem solving as an integrative hemispheric endeavor rather than a linear, analytical process (Bell, 1994), and that in this culture "psychological closeness" is necessary for one’s involvement in the phenomena which he seeks to understand.

Studies using empirical methods also find that cultural differences in the provision of information account for racial differences in IQ scores. Fagan and Holland (2007) asked African-Americans and white Americans to solve problems typical of those administered on standard IQ tests. Half of the problems were solvable on the basis of information generally available to either race, or on the basis of information newly learned; while other problems were only solvable on the basis of specific previous knowledge. In this study specific knowledge varied with race and was shown to be subject to test bias (Fagan and Holland, 2007).

Black Supremacist, please stop spamming your copied and pasted drivel.

Dear BS- It's interesting that you had to go back over 40 years to find studies to support your beliefs.... must have taken a lot of time.

its so funny that everyone just loved to here that whites are so much smarter than blacks then when someone post facts from source after source saying sorry yall its just not true,now the white folks have a problem and want to get mad becouse there superior bubble is burst!I should ask my little sister who graduated from yale and is currently a doctor what she thinks.She may have a better opinion than i do seeing that she graduated from UCLA before going off to Yale,but then again she is just another stupid black women!

Hi Opex, Your email didn't do anything to support your case. Next time, I suggest that you use spell check before you post.

I think it's true as with other genetic/race traits.  It doesn't mean someone of a certain race that has tendency's to score lower on IQ tests means that the race as a whole is "dumber" than another.  It means that there are talents that they have in other areas that another race might lack in slightly from another.  One may have better communication abilities, while another may have better problem solving abilities, and another have a better memory. I'm just saying that this test does not go in depth enough and needs further research..  I'd say average out everyone of different races abilities and it would all average out to equal.

-A German/Lithuanian/Cherokee

Interesting to read as well:

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/crimoff.htm

stating such facts as:

The prevalence of imprisonment in 2001 was higher for
-- black males (16.6%) and Hispanic males (7.7%) than for white males (2.6%)
-- black females (1.7%) and Hispanic females (0.7%) than white females (0.3%)

and

Lifetime chances of a person going to prison are higher for

    -- men (11.3%) than for women (1.8%)
    -- blacks (18.6%) and Hispanics (10%) than for whites (3.4%)

What's crazy is that, if you look at reproduction rates, there is a correlation between IQ and reproduction - but on its face seems to indicate almost an anti-evolutionary track.  On balance, low I.Q. people have far more children per/capita than do high I.Q. people...People with high I.Q.'s have the least children per/capita.  That's just crazy.

Just look at the average IQ by country - it's overwhelming evidence of the wide difference in iq's.  But IQ doesn't address all life situations, do they?  I don't think Einstein would do well lined up at wide receiver for the Washington Redskins.  

The important thing is what does society reward?  Generally, it rewards high iq.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQ_and_the_Wealth_of_Nations

Maybe take a visit to The Department Of Justice statistics page. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cvusst.htm

Golly, my wife is Japanese and folks sure behave and think differently and thus seem to golly, achieve a hell of a lot more, than say..South Central L.A. No really. Go figure. I'm sure it's nothing. Like Singapore, Taiwan, China, South Korea...My enormous Japanese family just happens to be loaded with blindingly smarter and highly qualified technical and mathematical etc folks than me. I'm white. Still, just coincidence. Funny innit?

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cvusst.htm

www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=26368

94% of murdered black men are murdered by black men. Everyday 100 US whitewomen are raped or sexually assaulted by black men. In 2005 37,460 white females were raped sexually assaulted by blackmen. 0 to 10 black females were sexually assaulted or raped by white men. Black men account for 19.2 percent of Pedophiles. 7 out of 10 black children have never seen their father. 55 percent of US prisoners R black. Blacks only 13% of population account 4 over 50% of all violent crime. 82% NYC shooters black 1% white. Blacks tend to drive faster than other groups too.

Most victims of race crime are white, about 90% according to “Highlights From 20 years of Surveying Crime Victims” published in 1993.  Almost 1 million whites were murdered, robbed, assaulted or raped by black Americans in 1992, compared with about 132,000 blacks who were murdered, robbed, assaulted or raped by white people. Blacks thus commit 7.5 time more violent crime than whites even though the black population is one seventh the size of the white population.

In 1994 45,000 peoplewere killed in inter-racial murders.By comparison, 58,000 Americans died in Vietnam and 34,000 were killed in the Korea War.

But for great black folks with intelligence, courage, morality & values go 2 PJTV com Sonja Schmidt, Alphonso Rachel, Bill Hicks, conservative black radio, Thomas Sowell, Lt Col Allen B. West allenwestforcongress com, etc. Dr Charles Drew was black & invented the process of separating blood into PLASMA, saving milllions of lives. In WWll, black soldiers were courageous fighters. Largely variants on celebrity opportunist dimwitted fraud$ get the MSM light & massive black crime is hidden.

Colonel Robert Neville blogspot com.

Maybe we should ship them back to Africa?

John, you are racist trailer trash. America would not be the country it is today if not for the free labor (slavery) and contributions made to this country by African-Americans. People like you are the cause of most of the problems and shortcomings (no pun intended) of this country today!

Your reasoning is fallacious because it assumes that the way America prospered (slavery) is the only way it could have prospered.

A similar argument is that we wouldn't know about relativity -- and would never know about it -- if Einstein hadn't been born. This argument leaves out the possibility that someone other than Einstein could have discover relativity, just as your argument ignores the possibility that America could have prospered by a means other than slavery.

The actual issue that everyone sidesteps is not with the "race" but the leadership. The reason that African Americans consistently do poorly on any measure of outcomes is that the leadership of the black community owes it's very existence on there being an "oppressed" underclass.

If black leaders, or white leaders that pander to the same underclass, actually had their constituent's betterment as their focus, they would lose their following. Fair housing, class mobility, economic opportunity and access to the trappings of the middle class are not segregated only to whites. As all of these things are gathered wholesale by eastern and western Asians. Indians come from a culture that is currently(today) stratified by caste. A deep and unyielding segregation bordering on slavery for some. Yet even the lower castes come here and prosper. How many Indians do you see in public housing?  The differences are in entitlement, self-sustainability and accountability.

Political correctness has become the constitution. Even if studies that focus on genetic differences could be used to help the plight of minorities, they are buried, dismissed or ignored. Did anyone see this on any national broadcast news? The so-called leadership of an entire minority is incentivized on keeping them just where they are and convincing them that the only solution to their situation is allegiance to the leaders.

Blame the political class, not the manipulated masses. No test can determine accountability and self-sufficiency. Oh, sorry--except one. Life.

8,448 white-on-black rapes (see Table 42 in the report) (14.2 percent of all rapes against blacks were thus committed by white rapists); and,

17,572 black-on-white rapes (same table) (13.1 percent of all rapes of whites were committed by blacks).

Now, to be technical, it is no doubt true that some of the white perps in this data, AND some of the white victims were actually Latino, given the closer proximity between blacks and Latinos, spatially. But doing the complicated extractions necessary to know what percentage of either is Hispanic, though it can be done (and I am working on the methodology for my book) is more detailed than I feel the need to be here. So for the sake of comparison I will leave the numbers as they are, knowing that both would likely be smaller, and reduced in rough proportion to one another, if Hispanics were excluded.

A few things should be noted here:

First, blacks raped were more likely to have been interracially raped than whites were.

Secondly, although the number of black-on-white rapes was higher than the reverse, to be sure, the multiple is nowhere near 50:1. Numerically it is a little more than 2 to 1. On a per capita basis, since whites are roughly 6 times more prevalent in the population than blacks (as of 2002), this would mean that on a per capita basis, any given black person was about 12 times more likely to rape a white person than vice versa.

Now perhaps you are thinking at this point, "OK, whatever: whether it's 50 to 1 or 12 to 1, that's a huge disproportion!" And that's true, sort of, though not nearly as meaningful as it seems.

To begin with, as I explain in my piece "The Color of Deception," whites and blacks do not encounter each other at rates that are comparable. Because of residential and spatial isolation from one another, this won't surprise anyone reading this, I imagine. Indeed, according to Census data, presented by criminologist Robert O'Brian (the footnote for this one is in the original Color of Deception article, which has now been critiqued on Bryant's website, and which notes can be viewed there), any given black person is about 19 times more likely to encounter a white person than vice versa. Blacks, on average, encounter 57 whites out of every 100 people they encounter--so even with spatial isolation, blacks run into lots of white folks--while whites, on average, are actually more racially isolated, encountering, on average, only about 3 blacks for every 100 people we encounter.

Now obviously, you can't victimize someone you don't encounter, and if blacks were choosing rape victims purely randomly, we would expect that 57 percent of the victims of black rape would be white. But in fact, only 26 percent are (17,579 divided by 68,621: again, you can do the calculations easily from Table 42). This means blacks are half as likely as we'd expect to rape whites, numerically speaking, if they were raping at random, let alone TARGETING whites, in which case they would have no problem finding even more than 57 percent of their victims to be white.

Likewise, based on encounter rates, if rapists picked victims randomly, we would expect 3 percent of the victims of white rapists to be black. But indeed, in 2002, there were 110,394 rapes committed by whites (check yourself in Table 42--the computation takes about two minutes). 8,448 as a share of 110,394 is actually 7.65 percent: more than DOUBLE what would be expected if white rapists picked victims randomly. If anything then, this would tend to suggest that whites are targeting blacks for rape, though indeed I am not claiming that. The disproportion is probably a statistical anomaly based on small sample size. But still, at the very least this demonstrates no disproportionate black on white rape.

Based on encounter rates alone, we would expect the 68,621 black rapists to have raped 39,114 whites, while the 110,394 white rapists should have raped 3,312 blacks: a numeric multiple of nearly 13 to 1, rather than the 2.1 numeric multiple in actuality, and we would have expected a per capita rate multiple, therefore, of 75 to 1, rather than the 12 to 1 that manifested in actuality.

In other words, based on encounter ratios and rates, blacks raped whites far less often than would have been expected, and whites raped blacks far more often than would have been expected.

High IQs correlate to high scores on standardized tests: Asians/Whites at the one extreme end and the blacks on the other. also, Jews as a group are the most successful ethnicity in terms of achievements...is it any surprise to anybody?

Why can't we just accept the truth and move on...

Oh yeah, blacks on average are the best athletes in the world than any other racial/ethnic groups...I guess God is fair!

Ok. Im just randomly passing by this webpage so have no interest or obsession with the subject.

Quickly, some of my observations would be:

1). It seems to me that brain size isn't indicative of intelligence. There was a news report some time ago about a man with a degree in mathematics who went for an X-Ray and amazed and startled himself and doctors with the discovery that he had almost no brain and a hollow skull.  If intelligence was related to brain size then  how come Einstein was'nt a freak with a brain the size of a house. Einstein was'nt 6 foot 10 with a 250 pound brain. Nobody would point and laugh at his huge head. However his brain did work efficiently.
Then of course we have gifted children whos brains are smaller than those of fully grown adults yet who can find the prime number solutions of really difficult problems.

2.) People should'nt be using the question of racial intelligence to engage in triumphalism whatever the result. Triumphalism is childish and not intelligent.

3.) I would not be of the opinion that intelligence or superior athleticism happens accidentally. What is random is whether or not it is exploited to the advantage of humanity but theres no way if I had better parents  or a wealthier upbringing that I would be able to find out whether 998989322344 is a prime number without a pencil and  a piece of paper. Middle class families often have a kid who does well in school plus a kid who does poorly so whats thew difference if its not something innante ? You can give a pencil to a 5 year old. One will draw a masterpiece and the other like myself will draw a stickman. We cant all be Einsteins of Van Goghs however apart from those who are innately psychpoathic, we can be educated with the ethic to respect and care for each other.'

I am a Chinese and grew up in a large city.

My IQ score is 137. But I don't think I am clever around my Chinese friends. Normally a high school student in China would have >110 although I didn't do the statistics.

Of course I am well educated. For my university classmates, I think they should all get around 130. It's just too normal to have around an IQ of 120 in China. The problem is that these smart guys only earn 200 euros every month.

I love it how so many people on these boards proclaim their own high IQ - nobody of course is anything other than gifted...

You do all know that 90% of all these poxy IQ Tests you have taken aren't worth Jack S***

The truth about IQ is that when measured properly it has repeatedly been found to be the best predictor of success in an industrialised society and the differences between groups (with a massive overlap of course) has been well known for decades.

The only thing in dispute is what percentage of those differences is genetic - clearly it is far from 100% and people can better themselves - but the idea that the differences are 100% environmental doesn't stand up to realistic scrutiny. There are obviously people on these boards that don't want to look at the overwhelming evidence in an objective way.

The world would be an easier place to live if it wasn't so, but we can all see with our own eyes that the differences exist.

Just like some families are more intelligent than other families (ie: families where everyone is either a lawyer, a doctor, a businessman or a politician vs. families where maybe only 1 person went to college), it is conceivable that some "races" are ON AVERAGE more intelligent than other "races".

Gee, all this time I thought that it was talent and hard work contributed to obtaining two master's degrees and my upcoming doctorate. Now I know that it was the generations of white men who sexually exploited my foremothers that have given me my big brain! White narcissism and arrogance knows no bounds.

As caucasians are not claimed to be the brightest on average I do not understand why you would want to turn this into a specific Black-White issue.

Instead of discussing the issue rationally you start boasting about yourself and attacking others - it makes you look like a bit of a tool.

This is simply racist! I cannot belive someone from Berkeley was involved in this clap trap. I am white and I don't give a flit what my IQ is because I am secure in my own abilities but apparently these idiots need IQ test and studies to stroke their flailing egos and deep rooted insecurities. They should all burn their cards in Mensa and join SAIA. (Stupid Ass----s in America). WE HAVE SO MANY!

I just wish that racists stop exploiting studies like these. This doesn't need to be a taboo subject. The fact is that black people are underperforming in academic endeavours (as a group, not necessarily individually).

We should try to understand how much of it is genetic and how much is dependent on environment. This could lead to a better understanding of where the differences lie and what could be done to close the gap.

And yes, whites can learn a thing or two from other cultures. Because a race that is highly materialistic and linear in thinking isn't exactly an advantage in all situations. Again, what is genetic and what is environmental in creating such a left hemisphere bias is up for discussion. Just saying that you aren't some kind of triumph of human evolution.

I'm not anti anyone.

Not sure why you are talking about 'whites' again, these studies do not show 'whites' as having the highest average IQ.

Here's the question to which  I think we should: Given that 1/2 of our population has "below average IQ" (by definition), and given that this difference cannot ever be removed, or even reduced, what should we do to achieve the best society ? If by "best society " we can all agree that we bean the one that will maximize every one's opportunity to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," then let's roll up our sleves and figure that out.

We have learned that trying to make every one equal in IQ is a complete failure. The Great Society and Head Start and all proved that !Cuba, China, and the USSR taught us that simply giving everyone equal income regardless of ability also fails.

So what is left ? I do not have that answer, but I think we should all work on finding an answer. Let America once again be the "city on the hill," that leads the world to a better place.

Let us strive for a world that nurtures independence, self reliance, hard work, faith in God, autonomy, personal freedom, and all of the important, classical virtues. But let us strive for one that also keeps the "floor" of personal failure high enough that the least among us are not in abject misery.

Time to create the next and best social system for our glorious republic !

"Not sure why you are talking about 'whites' again, these studies do not show 'whites' as having the highest average IQ."

Because that is where the historical tension lies. Because it was whites that have upheld racial theories and implemented it in social institutions in europe and the US.

It doesn't matter in this discussion that east asians average 5 points ahead of whites, because if you read between the lines, what white supremacists are saying is that 5 points doesn't matter much. Do you get it now?

Mushroom, no I don't get it, you cannot make a supremacist argument on being five points BEHIND. I think YOU are looking for a problem.

Every institution I have had experience with in my country only discriminates in so far as checking there are ENOUGH minorities in that institution to fulfil a minimum set quota - regardless of ability. In my country it is now legal to deliberately discriminate specifically against white males - that's the law.

To All the folks ( black, white and all else ) who posted here,
I am a  Indian, born and educated in India. I have a graduate degree from very good Indian colleges,worked ( software engineering manager)  in the USA for a few years as well and know a thing or two about US society. My IQ is definitely on the higher side, but i would not post it here.

First a few opinions from me:
- There is incontrovertible proof that IQ is inheritable , atleast upwards of 50%.
- But it is also true that there are huge differences within a race. There are i am sure there are 140+ IQ blacks as there are sub 70 IQ whites.
- It is also true that IQ is very complex. It depends on
     --- nutrition
     --- brain size
     --- cultural nuetrality of tests and language
     --- Education level of parents and the general sorroundings.
     --- even order of birth
     --- Many other factors.

- I am also not sure, if comparing Black American IQ with other races is fair. US blacks were those selected for physical labor, not for their brains, when they were shipped to US. So there was likely to be some selective  pressure that played a role in their IQ. Same for Indian US ( and chinese as well ) immigrants, on the opposite direction, many studies show average IQ above of 115  or near this figure. This again is due to selective pressure.
Also, as someone pointed out i am not sure, the average black parent ( single or double ) cares about the education of his/her kids. Chinese, Indian and Korean parents spend all their energy on their kids education.

- That is why the best IQ tests are those that are culture neutral and can measure general intelligence without being too hard or easy to any one race or cultural group. I am not sure, that somehow the US blacks are at a disadvantage due to difference in black culture and white cultures. If true, even East Asians, Indians in India and US are at a bigger disadvantage many of who speak a non English language at home, are not christians .

- Generally white nations seem to be properous, and now many east asian nations also seem to be joining them.

- I see many black nations, in Africa ( and Haiti ) impoverished, and crime ridden. I dont buy that colonial rule did this to them. Many are free countries now. Even countries like Korea, China ( partially ) and India were either ruled over or very poor in the 1950s. But they seem to be prospering of late. If Africans still dont beleive, this, then may be there is  some international white conspiracy ( that i cannot apparently fathom ), that is somehow keeping these couries poor.

- Though I have no problem admitting that East Asians ( koreans, chinese, Japanese ) have a high average IQ, i must also admit that, these societies have not been the torch bearers of creativity or originators of technical inventions in the last few centuries. It is the predominantly West and central europeans that were responsible for the modern society and all the technology. So there you go, having highest IQ has not exactly given rise to geniuses ( chinese, korean and Japanese ).Something that blacks should take note of.

- At the end of the day, average IQ of a race means nothing to me. I see a black individual with 140+ IQ and a white individual with 90 IQ, i am going to select the black guy for any congitively demanding job.  At the end of the day, it is important to be objective about IQ, race and cause and effect, so that, any new knowledge gained could be put to good use in improving everyones lot.

- Well one ray of hope about this IQ. We are probably on the verge of figuring out the genes for IQ and intelligence. I am wondering, ( setting aside all the social and political minefields, doing this might generate ) one day it may become routine to selectively have kids with these genes ( or have these genes inserted from outside )  and ensure all kids have high IQ. Then perhaps , this IQ 'thing' will become a non issue.

Quote from one of the persons who posted:

"Researchers provide considerable evidence showing that traditional psychological assessment is based on skills that are considered important within white, western, middle-class culture, but which may not be salient or valued within African-American culture"

Assuming this research is very true, why cannot anyone ( black educationists or other researchers ) come up with IQ tests that do assess skills that are considered important to blacks?. Is it too hard to do that?

From a purely curiosity point of view, I wonder what criteria or items are salient or 'valued' within African-American culture. Anyone can enlighten me or offer guesses!.

I found the paper on Google Scholar. I did not read it, because I would have had to pay a fee to do so. However, I looked over the list of over 100 papers citing this one, and I found a number attacking it. This paper is by no means the final word on race and intelligence

Note that the authors are NOT reporting any original findings from a study they performed. Rather, they have compiled a review of the vast literature on race and intelligence, and are drawing sweeping conclusions from it.

When writing any review, one must choose to cite certain papers and ignore others. It is impossible to do this without introducing some type of bias. This is especially problematic when reviewing an entire subfield of research. Therefore, any conclusions should be greeted with skepticism. Given the subject matter the authors put so much effort into reviewing, it is not hard to guess what their bias is.

When a scientific community draws conclusions from many lines of research, it does not rely on a single review. Rather, a consensus among many researchers develops over time. Given that there are papers attacking this one, it does not seem that the authors are speaking of any consensus.

Typically, a review of the literature will simply summarize major results from different research groups. Attempting to draw sweeping conclusions shows hubris and a lack of scholarship.

I am a Kenyan, Black African lawyer. I am a black nationalist, in fact, a Rastafarian - a religion drawing inspiration from ultra-black nationalists like Garvey.

Does Culture play any part in IQ assessment? This study is not very clear on that. I think it does. Probably Blacks IQ is low because there does not exists a universal Black culture (e.g a black religion or political thought system which has existed over many years and probably imposed to other societies) as opposed to the other races. Take religion. Christianity, though not originally from Europe is basically a white religion;Islam is  Arab;Hindu is Asian etc.

Personally, I tend to agree that the black race has a problem though I am not sure whether it is genetic. This is because in all societies in the world, blacks are committing vices at a higher rate compared to other races(even to their very own). Secondly, We do not have a single black nation which is showing any potentiality of prospering in the near future.But most pathetic, blacks' level of assimilation by the cultures of other people is pathetic. Blacks have  adopted  the negative aspects of the other people's culture to their own detriment. Blacks tend to blame whites for their underdevelopment,but they are not offering any resistance to that perceived domination (intellectual or  even physical like what Alqueda are doing presently). I was astonished to find that the rates of black-to-black crime, divorces,abortion and extra-marital fertility  are highest amongst all other American ethnic groups.In Africa,our governments have aligned themselves with the west in all international issues;every domestic discourse   is justified by a quotation of the West. The Black youth are not interested in serious issues of politics or economics but watching European soccer. In fact, I suspect that probably,at this rate, black race with its multitude of problems will be wiped out. I understand in the US, Latinos have now overtaken Blacks in terms of population.

The East Asians, Indians and some modern Arabic counties like UAE and Kuwait  have maintained their unique cultures and this probably explains their present economic ascent.Well,we do not have a cross-cutting authentic African culture to fall back to but I am convinced that Blacks should endeavor to mould a unique,progressive culture (that is scientific) which is disengaged or independent from the West to stimulate an economic and social take-off.

Irungu, Kenya.

Mr. Katanga, I'm sure that you are aware of the infrastructure and civil service legacy of the White colonial powers as well as the value of European technology.  It would have been nice for you to have acknowledged so.

If you have any knowledge about studies, you will know this study is very flawed. It does not take into account many factors. Such as cultural and environmental issues. This study and many of you arguing I believe do not realize the difference between genetic IQ and actual IQ. Genetic IQ is the range of IQ you are able to achieve, which is dependant on your genetics. Actual IQ is the IQ you currently have due to the education, environmental, and cultural factors of your life. So to summarize that for you, because I think many of you are too dumb to understand. That we all have a range of Iq we can achieve for example 110-130, now if you live in well developed environment with great education its very possible you can achieve a 130 IQ. On the other hand if you life in a culture that is not nurturing to Intelligence you will almost certainly be at the bottom of that scale at 110. This is what im trying to point out. That this study did not take this proven factor in to account. If you do not take factors like this into account, you can not make conclusions like this study did.

Poverty, especially in black communities is more than just financial status. As this page shows, for hundreds of years blacks have been told they're ugly, have small brains, and are savages. In places like Detroit, where they're seen as "just black people" rather than just human beings, even blacks believe in the same stereotypes some on here are pushing

For a white person in America, they will never be judged as automatically being dumb because they're black. They can also relate more to the country around them...unlike blacks...and they have access to more connections being 80% of the country. Not to mention there's a generational impact dating back to the 60's where blacks weren't even allowed to go to good schools. We are all affected by our parents and their parents and so on and so forth. It will take more than a few decades and for people to actually accept blacks as equals for that to happen.

Asian, does that includes Vietnamese, Filipino etc.. because last time I've checked it was all about the CHinese and Japanese or Koreans (the whitest of the Asians)

it is really interesting to see the contradictory arguments on here. Many of you are proving you'll say anything to degrade blacks which really ends up proving the argument of the "liberal media". There are people on here who have actually said that maybe if blacks weren't so dumb they wouldn't have been enslaved or colonised. Then you call blacks violent. Well, couldn't someone supposedly respond to that pathetic excuse for an argument that if whites weren't so violent, opportunistic, inconsiderate, and ruthless that there wouldn't have been enslavement, Jim Crow, the KKK, Skinheads, Neo-Nazis, the Holocaust, the Cold War, the Civil War, WWI & WWII, raping and beating slaves, etc. etc.?? All these violent and inexcusable acts throughout history, and yet to blacks you apply a different standard? Very interesting. I'll tell you what I don't believe in "race", and do see inequality around me all the time, but at least you can say that inner city or African issues remain in their respective areas for the moat part. You don't see blacks starting wars with random countries, attempting to colonise Europe, or trying to enslaving anyone in the last hundreds of years

Chris, not quite accurate to say that blacks didn't invade or enslave. The Bushmen of Southern Africa were ethnically cleansed and their lands taken away (they left evidence of  their decimation by blacks on their caves, whom they depicted as black, as opposed to their being brown). Also, starting long before the Trans-Atlantic slave-trade, the barbary pirates (Corsairs) launched continual attacks against Europe to capture slaves. Estimates are that more than a million Europeans were captured by Africans in this way. That is why France colonised Algeria, to stop the practice. In fact, I see you are from the USA: as far as I know, the first war your country fought after independence was against the African barbary pirates. Within Africa, there is a continual history of warfare and destruction and eradication of various tribes by others. The only difference is that Europe was able to project its power because they had boats to get them across the waters, but I think you are likely to find that a comparative scale would put Africans right up there. However, we are still living the post-colonial narrative of good blacks, bad whites, so this sort of thing, although freely available to read, is simply not interesting to ideologues.

Nice try, but the Corsairs weren't "black". Thry were humans though, just like blacks. And they were for the most part Arabic and/or Muslims. And there is no narrative of "good blacks", as blacks are still stereotyped by many before they can even show their character

Slavery did take place in Africa. However as it relates to hurting others, considering the World Wars, the Slave Trade, atomic bombings and killing for oil and power...historically "whites" as we like to call them has more of that rap sheet

Personally it matters not to me. I see history and I see human violence. But if we are to use the logic of many on here, the logic is really astounding. It's the equivalent of calling blacks barbaric when the KKK and Nazis still exist..not to mention the Italian Mafia once caused a lot of pain and violence.

Irony

As a Black person, I don't think Blacks get it. They are always blaming Whites for their problem, yet the tend to strive in White environment more than their own.  They complain about the White school system (when it comes to math and science or language even), yet show up for gym class and dancing contest and other nonsense just fine.

The issue with Blacks is serious, because it is a global one, so it can't be just racism. Go anywhere in the world where it's majority Black (nation, or neighbourhood) and it's the same scenario.

Now they are obsessed with Ghetto garbage.

I wonder how they came up with this study.  US, has the lowest IQ compared to other countries.  They lost me at the light skinned blacks had higher IQ than the average blacks... and brain size.... Give me a break.

If you go to the Info Please web site, you will find pages that list all of the Nobel Prize winners in physics, chemistry, medicine and economics and if you copy and paste that information into a Word document and us the "Replace All" function to count up the number of times that the name "Switzerland" occurs and then do the same for "Japan", "China", "India" and "Korea", you will see that the name, Switzerland, occurs more often than all those other names combined. Why would tiny Switzerland, with only 7.6 million people, produce more Nobel science winners than billions of Asians if the Asians are, on average, smarter than the Swiss?

I don't see why people are arguing the facts. This stuff is taught in my psych classes in uni. E. Asians DO have the highest iq and Africans DO have the lowest. It's established OK? The question is: is it purely genetic or are there cultural influences or is it a combination. We've known Asians had the highest for more than 50 years now and that Africans had lower iqs. Now we're just trying to find out WHY.