Leading UK research funders today announce -7.5 million of funding for a series of projects aimed at understanding the development and spread of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 - or 'swine flu'. The research will look at every aspect of the virus, on pig farms, in pig and human populations, and in hospital intensive care units.
The first cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009 were reported in Mexico in March this year. In June, as the number of cases increased, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the spread was now a 'phase 6' pandemic, meaning that the virus had spread globally. So far, over 440,000 people have been confirmed to have been infected worldwide, with 5,700 deaths reported to WHO.
In May and June, the UK's leading biomedical and animal health research funders - the Medical Research Council (MRC), Wellcome Trust and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) - together with the Department of Health and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), brought together leading clinical and veterinary researchers to catalyse action and a coordinated response from the research community.
Today, the outcome of those meetings is announced: a series of research projects, including four major collaborations focusing on areas such as the role of pig-pig and pig-human interactions in the development and spread of pandemic H1N1; flu transmission within households in England; and a study of hospitalised cases of severe infection. They involve leading researchers from the UK, including scientists, clinicians and veterinary researchers from Imperial College London, UCL (University College London), the University of Cambridge and the Veterinary Laboratories Agency.
The studies aim to understand how the virus mutates and jumps the species barrier and how it spreads through communities; how the virus causes disease in both pigs and humans and why it affects some individuals more than others; and which interventions are most effective at preventing infection or treating the disease. The results from each study will feed directly into wider policy analysis to ensure maximum access to and benefit from the data.
Sir Mark Walport, Director of the Wellcome Trust, says: "If we are to learn the important lessons from the current pandemic of swine flu, we need swift action, collaboration and open sharing of data within the researchers community. The UK, with its existing networks and research partnerships, is in a strong position to take a lead in monitoring and further understanding this pandemic virus as it continues to spread. This will provide essential knowledge for this and future outbreaks."
Sir Leszek Borysiewicz, Chief Executive of the MRC, says: "The mild winter has so far limited the effects of the H1N1 virus; however, we're far from out of the woods. These projects are crucial to the development of a better understanding of the journey of the virus, how it develops, how it spreads and how it changes. Getting the science right and using the strength of collaboration, will ensure that from lab bench to patient bedside, we're better prepared."
Professor Douglas Kell, BBSRC Chief Executive, said: "When we are faced with diseases that can jump the species barrier, like swine flu, we cannot separate research on animals and humans. We face a single challenge from an evolving species of virus. With researchers sharing data and resources across the human and animal barrier, and funders working together in these initiatives we have a real chance to understand how swine flu originated, to use this information gathered to feed rapidly into emerging government policy and to how it is circulated in pigs and how we can prevent future pandemics.
"This is amongst the fastest I have ever seen the UK science community react to an emerging disease threat. Turning around a funding initiative in a matter of months while ensuring we are supporting the best science has been a huge achievement by the scientific community and the funders."
The four major research projects are:
FLUWATCH
Principal Investigator: Dr Andrew Hayward, UCL
-2.1 million
An extension of the existing FluWatch surveillance programme, this study will follow a cohort of 10,000 individuals from 4,000 households to look at duration and severity of symptoms, access to care and treatment, effectiveness of anti-virals, uptake and effectiveness of the pandemic vaccine delivered through NHS and population behaviour changes through the pandemic and during illness. The study will enable researchers to provide monthly estimates of population infection rates in different subgroups through the pandemic, including estimates of the proportion of infections that are asymptomatic.
Comparison with the original FluWatch cohort will provide a unique opportunity to assess whether T cell responses to previous influenza strains offer protection against symptoms in those infected with the new H1N1 strain.
FluWatch is funded by the MRC and the Wellcome Trust.