Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset or noninsulindependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. This form of diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas keeps up with the added demand by producing more insulin. In time, however, it loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. People who are overweight and inactive are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes taking diabetes medicines, making wise food choices, exercising regularly, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and taking aspirin daily—for some.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic condition that develops when the body fails to produce enough insulin or when insulin fails to work properly, which is referred to as insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood to use for energy.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Pathophysiology

Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms

Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis

Type 2 Diabetes Screening and Prevention

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Living With Type 2 Diabetes

Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes

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What is Insulin Resistance?

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Latest Type 2 Diabetes News and Research

Moderate vitamin E, C, and β-carotene intake reduces type 2 diabetes risk

Researchers review the effect of vitamins C and E, as well as β-carotene, on the risk of type 2 diabetes.

15 Apr 2024

More than Mediterranean: Exploring and acknowledging the benefits of diverse cultural and nutritional heritages

How traditional diets followed by African, Asian, and Latin American communities are associated with diet quality and health.

15 Apr 2024

Exercise shown to curb appetite in diabetes and prediabetes patients

Study explored how exercise impacts appetite among individuals with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, finding that acute exercise often suppresses appetite, while chronic exercise generally maintains or reduces appetite without adverse effects.

15 Apr 2024

Restoring insulin sensitivity without TZD side effects

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a class of drug that can be used to treat type 2 diabetes by reversing insulin resistance, one of the main hallmarks of the disease.

13 Apr 2024

Integrating social determinants of health to enhance heart failure risk prediction

A recent study by Case Western Reserve University used national data from U.S. military veterans with diabetes to validate and modify a widely accepted model used to predict the risk of heart failure in diabetic patients.

13 Apr 2024

Exercise boosts beneficial hormone transfer in breastfeeding mothers

Although women have breastfed since the beginning of time, there is very little scientific research on how exercise affects breast milk.

12 Apr 2024

New review explores the key gender differences in sleep, circadian rhythms and metabolism

A new review of research evidence has explored the key differences in how women and men sleep, variations in their body clocks, and how this affects their metabolism.

12 Apr 2024

Study reveals key gut microbiome differences in prediabetic patients

Study explores the differences in gut microbiome composition between prediabetic patients and healthy individuals, revealing significant variations that correlate with altered metabolic functions and potential diabetes progression.

11 Apr 2024

Study shows daily glucose levels fluctuate more than we thought, challenging diabetes diagnosis

Study reveals significant fasting glucose variability in nondiabetic adults using continuous glucose monitoring, challenging current diabetes diagnosis criteria and emphasizing the need for multiple measurements to reduce misclassification.

11 Apr 2024

Periodontal treatment after heart rhythm ablation may reduce AFib recurrence

Treating gum disease in the 3-months after a procedure to correct an irregular heartbeat known as atrial fibrillation (AFib) may lower oral inflammation and may reduce AFib recurrence, according to new research published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association, an open access, peer-reviewed journal of the American Heart Association.

10 Apr 2024

Popular diabetes drugs not linked to thyroid cancer risk, study finds

Meat or not to meat? Study challenges health claims of plant-based substitutes

Study finds no significant cardiometabolic health benefits of plant-based meat analog diets compared to animal-based meat diets among Singaporeans at risk of type 2 diabetes, challenging assumptions about plant-based meat substitutes' health advantages.

9 Apr 2024

CMS121 holds promise for treating metabolic diseases

A new research paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 16, Issue 6, entitled, "CMS121: a novel approach to mitigate aging-related obesity and metabolic dysfunction."

9 Apr 2024

Study links glucose time series complexity to diabetes progression

Weiping Jia et al., at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China, conducted a study to explore the relationship between the complexity of glucose time series, as derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and the deterioration of glucose regulation.

9 Apr 2024

Childhood sedentariness associated with increase in blood insulin concentration, study shows

An increase in sedentary time from childhood is associated with a significant increase in blood insulin concentration, a new study shows.

9 Apr 2024

SGLT2 inhibitors: A game-changer in preventing heart failure and sudden cardiac deaths

study reveals that SGLT2 inhibitors consistently lower the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 9% across various patient groups, especially impacting cardiovascular death reduction, highlighting their broad therapeutic potential beyond diabetes management.

9 Apr 2024

Treating early-stage heart failure in diabetic patients: Insights from ARISE-HF trial

One of the first studies to attempt to treat early-stage heart failure in patients with Type 2 diabetes did not meet its primary endpoint, but a preplanned subgroup analysis found a statistically significant effect of treatment in patients who were not taking SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 RAs, which are antidiabetic medications that also have benefits for the heart.

8 Apr 2024

Edetate disodium-based chelation ineffective for heart attack patients with diabetes

People with diabetes who had suffered a heart attack derived no clinical benefit from edetate disodium-based chelation, a therapy that draws lead and other toxic metals linked to increased risk of heart disease and stroke out of the body, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology's Annual Scientific Session.

8 Apr 2024

Study: Empagliflozin shows mixed results in heart attack patients

Use of the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor empagliflozin following a heart attack did not show a significant benefit in reducing overall heart failure hospitalizations or death from any cause, according to a study presented at the American College of Cardiology's Annual Scientific Session.

8 Apr 2024