Gut microbes may reveal why diabetes raises heart disease risk
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 How diabetes could drain $5 trillion from the global economy by 2050How diabetes could drain $5 trillion from the global economy by 2050
 
A macroeconomic modelling study across 190 countries and territories estimates that diabetes could reduce global economic output by INT$5.177 trillion between 2021 and 2050. Most projected losses stem from diabetes-related disability and morbidity, with high-income countries facing the largest dollar losses and low- and middle-income countries carrying most of the disease burden.
 
 
 Gut microbes may reveal why diabetes raises heart disease riskGut microbes may reveal why diabetes raises heart disease risk
 
Integrated gut microbiome and plasma metabolomics profiling identified distinct microbial and metabolic signatures in people with T2DM and T2DM-CAD. In a small exploratory cohort, Bacteroides sp._CAG_875 and 12-ketoLCA emerged as candidate markers that may help distinguish diabetic patients with coronary complications, pending larger validation.
 
   Once-daily orforglipron helps preserve weight loss after semaglutide or tirzepatideOnce-daily orforglipron helps preserve weight loss after semaglutide or tirzepatide
 
Oral orforglipron helped adults maintain clinically meaningful weight loss after prior injectable tirzepatide or semaglutide therapy. The phase 3b ATTAIN-MAINTAIN trial suggests switching to once-daily oral therapy may help reduce weight regain when injectable treatment is discontinued.
 
   Could GLP-1 drugs help breast cancer patients live longer?Could GLP-1 drugs help breast cancer patients live longer?
 
A large retrospective cohort study of adult female breast cancer patients found that GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with better all-cause survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes. The strongest associations were seen versus non-use in obesity and versus insulin or metformin in type 2 diabetes, while comparisons with SGLT2 inhibitors were less consistent and require further study.
 
   New therapies could help type 1 diabetes care move beyond insulin aloneNew therapies could help type 1 diabetes care move beyond insulin alone
 
Disease-modifying therapies for type 1 diabetes are beginning to move care beyond insulin replacement by targeting immune dysregulation, beta-cell stress, and preservation of endogenous beta-cell function. Teplizumab marks a major clinical milestone, but the review emphasizes that durable metabolic remission will likely require earlier screening, better patient selection, and sequential or combination therapies.
 
 Why experts say PCOS needs a new name
 
Why experts say PCOS needs a new nameA Lancet Health Policy paper reports an international consensus process that selected polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) as the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The change aims to shift the focus away from ovarian cysts and better reflect the condition’s endocrine, metabolic, and ovarian features.
 
 
 Cannabis compounds may improve metabolism and reduce diabetes risk
 
Cannabis compounds may improve metabolism and reduce diabetes riskA University of California, Riverside preclinical study is shedding light on a long-observed but poorly understood phenomenon: chronic cannabis users tend to have lower body weight and a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes, despite the drug's well-known tendency to increase appetite.
 
 
 Hydrogel breakthrough offers significant advance in type 1 diabetes treatment
 
Hydrogel breakthrough offers significant advance in type 1 diabetes treatmentResearchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) and Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) have reached a significant advance in the fight against type 1 diabetes. Using an innovative hydrogel that supports insulin-producing cells once transplanted into the body, the team successfully regulated blood sugar levels in diabetic mice.
 
 
 Global effort redefines the most common hormonal disorder in women
 
Global effort redefines the most common hormonal disorder in womenA global effort led by Monash University has changed the name of a significant women's health condition that was misunderstood to be 'all about ovarian cysts'.
 
 
 Targeted radiotherapy may delay progression in metastatic breast cancer patients
 
Targeted radiotherapy may delay progression in metastatic breast cancer patientsTreating breast cancer that has begun to spread around the body with targeted radiotherapy could help patients to live longer without their cancer getting worse, according to the results of a small randomised controlled trial presented at the Congress of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO 2026).
 
 
 The Goldilocks sleep zone: study links too little and too much sleep to biological aging
 
The Goldilocks sleep zone: study links too little and too much sleep to biological agingThe Nature study introduces “Sleep Chart,” a framework linking self-reported sleep duration with 23 biological aging clocks derived from MRI, plasma proteomics, and metabolomics. Across UK Biobank participants, the lowest biological age gaps generally appeared between 6.4 and 7.8 hours of sleep, while shorter and longer sleep were associated with higher disease and mortality risk.
 
 
 Olive waste extract may help lower fat and improve muscle markers
 
Olive waste extract may help lower fat and improve muscle markersA polyphenol-rich olive oil byproduct may enhance muscle health, reducing fat mass and improving antioxidant markers in adults with metabolic risk factors.
 
 
 Multi-institutional trial explores new lifeline for advanced prostate patients
 
Multi-institutional trial explores new lifeline for advanced prostate patientsFor men with advanced prostate cancer that no longer responds to standard hormone therapies, treatment options are limited – and time matters. As the disease progresses, the window for effective, less intensive treatments begins to close.
 
 
 Integrated care needed for lifelong Polyendocrine Ovarian Syndrome management
 
Integrated care needed for lifelong Polyendocrine Ovarian Syndrome managementPolycystic Ovary Syndrome, which has just been renamed Polyendocrine Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS), is the most common hormonal and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age, impacting up to 13% of this population and contributing to nearly 40% of infertility cases worldwide.
 
 
 Adult weight gain strongly linked to higher obesity-related cancer risk
 
Adult weight gain strongly linked to higher obesity-related cancer riskNew research presented at this year's European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2026) in Istanbul, Turkey (12-15 May) shows that people who gain the highest amount of weight across adulthood are at greatly increased risk of certain obesity related cancers.
 
 
 New obesity medications offer a potent tool for combating hypertension
 
A meta-analysis of 32 studies and 43,618 adults presented at this year's European Congress on Obesity in Istanbul, Turkey (12-15 May) shows that use of new classes of obesity drugs for weight loss is associated with a clinically relevant drop in blood pressure (BP): a 0.34 mmHg reduction in systolic BP per 1\% weight loss.
 
 
 Global consortium renames polycystic ovary syndrome to reflect science
 
First, it was named after two men. Then, it was named for a false premise. Now, after more than a century, one of the most common hormone disorders affecting women worldwide has a name that reflects the science.
 
 
 Researchers discover unexpected cellular triggers for precancerous pancreas lesions
 
In an unexpected finding, a new study flips on its head researchers' understanding of how precancerous pancreas lesions evolve into pancreatic cancer.
 
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