Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset or noninsulindependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. This form of diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas keeps up with the added demand by producing more insulin. In time, however, it loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. People who are overweight and inactive are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes taking diabetes medicines, making wise food choices, exercising regularly, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and taking aspirin daily—for some.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic condition that develops when the body fails to produce enough insulin or when insulin fails to work properly, which is referred to as insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood to use for energy.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Pathophysiology

Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms

Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis

Type 2 Diabetes Screening and Prevention

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Living With Type 2 Diabetes

Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes

Is a Plant-Based Diet Good for Type 2 Diabetes?

Are Low Carbohydrate Diets Good for Type 2 Diabetes?

What is Insulin Resistance?

Insulin Resistance Pathophysiology

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Latest Type 2 Diabetes News and Research

Hypothalamic ECM remodeling drives insulin resistance, contributing to obesity and diabetes

Researchers have discovered that remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the hypothalamus, specifically around AgRP neurons, drives insulin resistance and metabolic disease. Disrupting this ECM buildup improves insulin sensitivity and may be a promising treatment for obesity and diabetes.

19 Sep 2024

Study highlights disparities in stroke burden across regions

Although stroke is highly preventable and treatable, there has been a rapid rise in the global stroke burden between 1990 and 2021, due to both population growth and the rise of aging populations worldwide, as well as a substantial increase in people's exposure to environmental and behavioral risk factors.

19 Sep 2024

Study links diabetes drugs to lower risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease

A class of drugs for diabetes may be associated with a lower risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease, according to a study published in the September 18, 2024, online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

18 Sep 2024

Exposure to styrene and ethylbenzene elevates diabetes risk

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a critical public health issue, with its prevalence expected to rise sharply worldwide.

18 Sep 2024

New evidence connects ultra-processed foods to rising diabetes rates

Researchers determine how different degrees of food processing impact type 2 diabetes risk.

18 Sep 2024

Genetic analysis challenges the idea that loneliness directly causes diseases

Research reveals that loneliness is linked to numerous diseases observationally, but genetic analysis shows it's likely a marker rather than a cause.

18 Sep 2024

Large-scale study to explore impact of type 1 diabetes on brain development in children

About half of adults with type 1 diabetes face significant cognitive impairment, including problems with working memory and executive function that affect day-to-day thinking. But less is known about how the condition affects children during a window of time known to be critical for healthy brain development.

17 Sep 2024

Assessing the impact of weight loss and blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes

A Cleveland Clinic research team has published the first study assessing the independent real-world impacts of weight loss and blood sugar control on clinical outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes treated with antidiabetic medications, and specifically with GLP-1RAs (the class of drug that includes Ozempic and Wegovy).

17 Sep 2024

Moderate coffee consumption linked to lower risk of multiple cardiometabolic diseases

Consuming moderate amounts of coffee and caffeine regularly may offer a protective effect against developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke, according to new research published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

17 Sep 2024

Activation of PPARβ/δ-AMPK pathway shown to slow liver fibrosis development

A study led by Manuel Vázquez Carrera, group leader at the Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERDEM) at the University of Barcelona, reveals advances in the understanding and treatment of liver fibrosis, a serious complication in the context of metabolic fatty liver disease, also known as MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease).

17 Sep 2024

Intensive diabetes treatment improves periodontal health

While the link between diabetes and periodontal disease is known, the impact of diabetes treatment on periodontal health is less well understood.

17 Sep 2024

Semaglutide vs. liraglutide: One-year weight loss efficacy in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Researchers compare the weight loss efficacy of injectable liraglutide and semaglutide.

17 Sep 2024

Breakthrough metabolomic aging score that predicts mortality better than traditional methods

Researchers developed a metabolomic aging score using NMR biomarkers that predicts short-term mortality and disease risk more accurately than other aging metrics.

16 Sep 2024

Catalonia study highlights unhealthy snack trends among school-aged children

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been expressing its concern about the sustained increase in overweight and obesity among children all over the world for years.

16 Sep 2024

Understanding the social determinants of cardiovascular health in Asian Americans

Numerous social and structural factors, including immigration status, socioeconomic position and access to health care, contribute to differences in cardiovascular health and heart disease risk for Asian Americans, and these factors affect Asian ethnic subgroups in different ways, according to a new scientific statement published today in the American Heart Association's journal, Circulation.

16 Sep 2024

Hormone therapy found to improve insulin sensitivity in menopausal women

Menopausal women are at greater risk of insulin resistance as a result of declining estrogen levels. Previous studies evaluating the potential benefits of hormone therapy on insulin resistance have produced mixed results.

16 Sep 2024

Reducing ultra-processed foods can lower type 2 diabetes risk

People who eat more ultra-processed foods (UPF) are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but this risk can be lowered by consuming less processed foods instead, finds a new study led by researchers at UCL.

16 Sep 2024

Do organic foods really offer better health benefits?

Researchers compare the health impacts of consuming organic foods to conventional alternatives.

16 Sep 2024

Higher soft drink consumption linked to increased risk of liver disease

Study found that higher soft drink consumption is associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in males, within a cohort of Mexican adults.

16 Sep 2024

Real-world data reveals factors associated with long-term weight loss in obesity

A Cleveland Clinic study identified key factors that can impact the long-term weight loss of patients with obesity who were prescribed injectable semaglutide or liraglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes or obesity. The study was published in JAMA Network Open.

14 Sep 2024