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Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis

Platelet and Fibrin complexes can be seen with the technique of dark field microscopy. They are much bigger than red blood cells and easily block capillaries. These complexes are clearly visible in dark field but not in stained bright field samples because the different staining methods disburse them. However, they are not visible in unstained blood smears. This method of early detection allows to identify people at risk and take appropriate measures.

Associated diagnostic markers

  • Low-density lipoprotein
  • Lipoprotein
  • Apolipoprotein A1
  • Apolipoprotein B
  • Ratio of Apolipoprotein A1/Apolipoprotein B

Some biomarkers are thought to offer a more detailed risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the clinical value of these biomarkers is questionable. Currently, biomarkers which may reflect a higher risk of cardiovascular disease include:

  • Higher fibrinogen and PAI-1 blood concentrations
  • Elevated homocysteine, or even upper half of normal
  • Elevated blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine
  • High inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein
  • Elevated blood levels of brain natriuretic peptide (also known as B-type) (BNP)

Further Reading


This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article on "Cardiovascular disease" All material adapted used from Wikipedia is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Wikipedia® itself is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.