History of Meningitis

Some suggest that Hippocrates may have realized the existence of meningitis, The description of tuberculous meningitis, then called "dropsy in the brain", is often attributed to Edinburgh physician Sir Robert Whytt in a posthumous report that appeared in 1768, although the link with tuberculosis and its pathogen was not made until the next century. It appears that epidemic meningitis is a relatively recent phenomenon. The first recorded major outbreak occurred in Geneva in 1805. Several other epidemics in Europe and the United States were described shortly afterward, and the first report of an epidemic in Africa appeared in 1840. African epidemics became much more common in the 20th century, starting with a major epidemic sweeping Nigeria and Ghana in 1905–1908. Mortality from meningitis was very high (over 90%) in early reports. In 1906, antiserum was produced in horses; this was developed further by the American scientist Simon Flexner and markedly decreased mortality from meningococcal disease. In 1944, penicillin was first reported to be effective in meningitis. The introduction in the late 20th century of ''Haemophilus'' vaccines led to a marked fall in cases of meningitis associated with this pathogen, and in 2002 evidence emerged that treatment with steroids could improve the prognosis of bacterial meningitis.

Further Reading

• What is Meningitis?
• Meningitis Symptoms
• Meningitis Causes
• Meningitis Mechanism
• Meningitis Diagnosis
• Meningitis Treatment
• Meningitis Prevention
• Meningitis Prognosis

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