Research about probiotics shows benefits. A study in 2004 testing the immune system of students given either milk or Actimel over a 6 week exam period (3 weeks of studying, 3 weeks of exams) tested 19 different biomarkers. Of these 19 biomarkers only 2 were shown to be different between the two groups, increased production of lymphocytes and increased production of CD56 cells. The tests were not blind and show that certain probiotic strains may have no overall effect on the immune system or on its ability.
A 2007 study at University College Cork in Ireland showed that a diet including milk fermented with ''Lactobacillus'' bacteria prevented ''Salmonella'' infection in pigs.
A 2007 clinical study at Imperial College London showed that preventive consumption of a commercially available probiotic drink containing ''L casei DN-114001'', ''L bulgaricus'', and ''S thermophilus'' can reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and ''C difficile''-associated diarrhea.
The efficacy and safety of a daily dose of ''Lactobacillus acidophilus'' CL1285 in the prevention of AAD was demonstrated by Montreal’s Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, in a clinical study of hospitalized patients.
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