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Vaginal Cancer - What is Vaginal Cancer?

Vaginal cancer is any type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the vagina.

Vaginal cancer is not common. It occurs primarily in women over age 50, but can occur at any age, even in infancy. When found and treated in early stages it often can be cured.

There are two primary types of vaginal cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

  • Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma arises from the thin, flat squamous cells that line the vagina. This is the most common type of vaginal cancer. It is found most often in women aged 60 or older.
  • Vaginal adenocarcinoma arises from the glandular (secretory) cells in the lining of the vagina that produce some vaginal fluids. Adenocarcinoma is more likely than squamous cell cancer to spread to the lungs and lymph nodes. It is found most often in women aged 30 or younger. It is also found in a small percent of women born between 1938 and 1971 that were exposed to the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES). DES was prescribed to 5 to 10 million mothers in that timespan to prevent possible miscarriages and premature birth. Typically, patients present with adenocarcinoma before age 30, but increasing evidence indicates effects in later years as well. DES-exposed patients may also suffer various infertility and pregnancy complications as well.

There are also less common forms of vaginal cancer:

  • Vaginal germ cell tumors (primarily teratoma and endodermal sinus tumor) are rare. They are found most often in infants and children.
  • Sarcoma botryoides, a rhabdomyosarcoma also is found most often in infants and children.

Further Reading


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