Micro-PAT in Cancer Research

Micro-photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging technique for full-body imaging of small animals in preclinical research. As small animals are being increasingly used for biomedical studies, in vivo whole body imaging of these plays a key role in these studies.

Micro-PAT is a hybrid imaging tool based on acoustic detection of absorption of light by endogenous chromophores or exogenous agents. Micro-PAT provides high-resolution images of small animal tissues with the help of near-infrared light. Endogenous hemoglobin contrast is used to image vascular and anatomical structures, while exogenous contrast agents are used in functional and molecular imaging.

Why micro-PAT?

Due to its excellent resolution, good penetration depth, real-time imaging potential, non-ionizing nature, user-friendliness, and easy availability of non-radioactive optical contrast agents, PAT is considered a promising technique in preclinical imaging. It can detect deep-seated tumors and their vasculature, circulating cancer cells, and micro-metastasis in lymph nodes and other organs. This greatly helps further understand the molecular pathways of various cancers. Micro-PAT can also help oncologists detect cancer at very early stages, which greatly improves prognoses and survival rates while also reducing costs associated with treatment of cancer.

PAT can also be combined with other molecular imaging modalities that are based on ultrasound to acquire images with better contrast and to obtain more molecular data. One of the most important benefits of PAT is that it is easy to attach to existing ultrasound machines in the clinical setting, thus extending the scope of traditional ultrasound imaging to cellular, as well as molecular, imaging.

Glucose metabolism imaging

Micro-PAT is widely used in the diagnosis of cancer due to the flexibility in light delivery and precise acoustic detection. The technique is helpful in preclinical cancer staging as well as treatment planning. Simultaneous imaging of anatomy and glucose metabolism plays a key role in planning cancer treatment. Earlier, this was achieved with the help of multiple imaging modalities such as PET-CT and PET-MRI. These techniques were expensive and offered low-resolution solutions. In addition, the use of ionizing radiation made longitudinal monitoring very difficult.

These limitations were resolved using a PAT-based technique by Chatni et al. The team used a single imaging modality - ring-shaped confocal PAT - to acquire high-resolution images of glucose metabolism and anatomy. The experiment was performed on a mouse with a skin tumor, and fluorescence imaging was used to confirm the images from RC-PAT. They also imaged 2 mice with kidney tumor cells in order to demonstrate RC-PAT’s depth imaging ability. In both animals, anatomical cross-sections showed that the cancerous kidneys were bigger than the healthy kidneys.

Micro-PAT in brain cancer studies

Brain cancer studies in the past have been hampered by the lack of a suitable imaging tool that helps study small animals in vivo. Conventional histological processes involved sacrificing animals at various stages to study the changes in brain tissue of small animals. Techniques such as micro-fMRI were very costly, offered low-resolution images, and required high wait times for image acquisition.

The micro-PAT technique offers significant improvement over existing neuro-imaging modalities. It is non-invasive, rapid, and offers a host of extra information. Micro-PAT offers excellent spatial resolution and quantifies functional parameters including SO2 and HbT. It also provides information that is extremely helpful in the quantification of a tumor.

References

  1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769095/
  2. http://www.nature.com/articles/srep01113
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclinical_imaging#Micro-PAT
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20059245
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3080445/
  6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3965654/

Further Reading

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2019

Susha Cheriyedath

Written by

Susha Cheriyedath

Susha is a scientific communication professional holding a Master's degree in Biochemistry, with expertise in Microbiology, Physiology, Biotechnology, and Nutrition. After a two-year tenure as a lecturer from 2000 to 2002, where she mentored undergraduates studying Biochemistry, she transitioned into editorial roles within scientific publishing. She has accumulated nearly two decades of experience in medical communication, assuming diverse roles in research, writing, editing, and editorial management.

Citations

Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

  • APA

    Cheriyedath, Susha. (2019, February 26). Micro-PAT in Cancer Research. News-Medical. Retrieved on October 31, 2024 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Micro-PAT-in-Cancer-Research.aspx.

  • MLA

    Cheriyedath, Susha. "Micro-PAT in Cancer Research". News-Medical. 31 October 2024. <https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Micro-PAT-in-Cancer-Research.aspx>.

  • Chicago

    Cheriyedath, Susha. "Micro-PAT in Cancer Research". News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Micro-PAT-in-Cancer-Research.aspx. (accessed October 31, 2024).

  • Harvard

    Cheriyedath, Susha. 2019. Micro-PAT in Cancer Research. News-Medical, viewed 31 October 2024, https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Micro-PAT-in-Cancer-Research.aspx.

Comments

The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of News Medical.
Post a new comment
Post

While we only use edited and approved content for Azthena answers, it may on occasions provide incorrect responses. Please confirm any data provided with the related suppliers or authors. We do not provide medical advice, if you search for medical information you must always consult a medical professional before acting on any information provided.

Your questions, but not your email details will be shared with OpenAI and retained for 30 days in accordance with their privacy principles.

Please do not ask questions that use sensitive or confidential information.

Read the full Terms & Conditions.

You might also like...
Researchers unveil complete neuronal map of fruit fly brain