When planes have a problem, analysts can usually figure out what went wrong. They simply check the plane's "black box," which records exactly what was happening to the plane at the time.
Now, there's something similar for people. Under the leadership of NASA/Ames design engineer Carsten Mundt, researchers have developed a device that, Stanford electrical engineer and team member Greg Kovacs says, is a black box for human beings.
Just as a plane's black box records crucial mechanical data, NASA's device, the CPOD (pronounced "see-pod"), keeps track of biological data, like changes in heart rate, the amount of oxygen in the blood stream, how the wearer is moving ... and much more.
Above: Basic features of the CPOD. [<<>>]
The CPOD was intended to make it easier to monitor the vital signs of astronauts in space. Right now, such a process involves hooking the astronauts up "with a whole bunch of wires to a huge rack of equipment." The data, says Mundt, is then recorded on paper, and entered into a laptop by hand.
The CPOD changes all that.
It's a compact, portable, wearable device -- a single piece of equipment that gathers a wide variety of vital signs. About the size of a computer mouse, a CPOD is worn around the waist. It's comfortable enough to be worn while sleeping. It's non-invasive. It takes only minutes to don. Importantly, it can track a person's physiologic functioning as they go about their normal routine -- they don't have to be tethered to some stationary device. It can store data for eight-hour periods for later downloading; alternatively, it can send it wirelessly, in real time, to some other device.
"This is a new tool," says Kovacs. "It allows monitoring of the body without invasion of the body --- without tethering the person down, letting them go about their normal business."
Right: A CPOD strapped onto a person. [heart rate]
Such data would, of course, be invaluable to researchers trying to understand how the human body adapts to extreme conditions -- like space, the moon, or Mars. The ability to monitor astronauts so closely, as they work, and in real time, would also make the astronauts much safer.
For one thing, the CPOD could notice problems before the astronauts even became aware of them. "We have alarms set in our device," says Mundt. "If the heart rate goes, let's say, above 170, the CPOD would beep, and then the astronaut would know it's time to take it easy."
And, in the case of an emergency, the CPOD could provide vital signs within seconds-- and it could quickly stream that information back to doctors on Earth.
The CPOD typically tracks heart performance, blood pressure, respiration, temperature, and blood oxygen levels. Using three tiny accelerometers, it also tracks a person's movements -- it can tell whether they're running, for example, or spinning or tumbling.
And it can be reconfigured. If researchers choose, almost any kind of sensor could be plugged into the device. The CPOD could, for example, keep track of ambient air pressure, or monitor the concentrations of atmospheric gases.
With such capabilities, the CPOD is likely to prove as important on Earth as it could be to conquering space.
Using the CPOD, EMT's at an accident scene could quickly gain information about a victim's condition. CPODs could monitor the blood oxygen levels of firefighters inside burning buildings. Physicians could use CPODs for "outcome monitoring," using them to track a patient's reactions to a particular procedure or drug. Athletes, like divers and mountain climbers, could use them to keep track of their exertion levels. The CPODs could help monitor pollution, and even treat soldiers on a battlefield.