About one quarter of children in a long-term study of mild to moderate asthma suffered a significant loss of lung function over the course of four to six years.
The decline occurred more often among younger, male children. The decline was not affected by any medication they took. Researchers from National Jewish Medical and Research Center report the results of this large-scale study in the August issue of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
"Our findings show that even children with mild asthma can lose lung function," said senior author Stanley Szefler, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics at National Jewish. "A child whose lung function continues to decline at the rates we observed could have severely compromised breathing ability as an adult. We may have observed a critical phase of rapid decline, which will halt in some patients but continue in others. We will need to continue monitoring these children to better understand the natural course of asthma."
The researchers evaluated the lung function of 990 children with mild to moderate asthma for four to six years as part of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Childhood Asthma Management Program. All the children were taking a rescue medication, albuterol, and were divided evenly among those also taking a placebo, the inhaled steroid budesonide or nedocromil. Lung function was measured primarily by the amount of air the children could exhale in one second, called forced expiratory volume in one second (or FEV1), expressed as percent predicted of normal values for age, height, and gender.
As a whole, the group of children experienced a minimal decline in lung function of 0.2% per year of predicted FEV1. That loss was not considered great enough to warrant any significant concern. However, 253 of those children lost more than 1% per year of predicted FEV1, five times the average lung function decline of the group as a whole.
The medications did not appear to alter the course of the disease; the loss of lung function occurred equally among children taking either of the two anti-inflammatory medications or placebo. Severity of disease also did not make a difference either; lung-function loss occurred equally among children with mild and moderate asthma.