Tonsillectomy remains one of the most common childhood surgeries with an increasing number of the surgeries being done to treat obstructive sleep apnea or sleep disordered breathing. In children, untreated obstructive sleep apnea and sleep disordered breathing can result in failure to thrive and behavior and learning problems.
Coblation is a non-heat driven process in which radiofrequency energy is applied to a conductive medium (usually saline) causing a highly focused plasma field to form around the electrodes. The plasma field is comprised of highly ionized particles. These ionized particles have sufficient energy to break organic molecular bonds within tissue. Instead of exploding tissue, Coblation causes a low temperature molecular disintegration, resulting in minimal tissue damage to surrounding areas.
Use of Coblation technology for tonsillectomy has grown in the last several years. A new study, undertaken by a single surgeon at one surgical location, asks the question of how Coblation-assisted intracapsular tonsillectomy compares to the traditional method of removing tonsils by electrocautery. The results of the study “Randomized controlled trial of Coblation versus electrocautery tonsillectomy,” will be presented by author Kay Chang, MD, of the Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery at Standford University School of Medicine at the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO, being held September 19-22, 2004, at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, New York City, NY.
Methodology:
This study included 101 children scheduled to have tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnea or sleep disordered breathing. Patients with significant comorbidities or significant history of recurrent/chronic tonsillitis were excluded. Patients were randomized into two study groups; coblation-assisted intracapsular tonsillectomy and electrocautery tonsillectomy.
The coblation-assisted intracapsular tonsillectomy was performed from the surface inward without penetrating the capsule with the wand set at the Coblate 9 setting. Electrocautery tonsillectomy was performed using traditional subcapsular tonsil dissection with the Bovie set at 20 watts. Adenoidectomy in both groups was performed using adenoid curette and hemostasis achieved with suction electrocautery. Anesthesia and recovery room protocols were standardized for all patients.
All patients were seen by the pediatric otolaryngology nurse practitioner on either day one or two and the following measures were collected by questionnaire: (1) both the child and parental perception of pain as graded using the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale, (2) type and frequency of pain medication, (3) presence of nausea and/or vomiting, (4) percent of normal diet that patient is eating, (5) percent of normal activity level that patient is demonstrating, (6) whether or not parent missed work, (7) complications or re-admissions. The parents were given the same questionnaire by phone at two additional timepoints, days three or four and days five and six.
All statistical analyses were performed using StatView 5.0 software for Macintosh. Continuous data are displayed as mean ± SD. Comparisons between means were performed using Student’s unpaired two-tail t-test for equal or unequal variances, as appropriate. Statistical significance was accepted for P values less than .05.
Results:
Fifty two children (56 percent male; 44 percent female) with a mean age of 6.4 ± 3.5 received Coblation tonsillectomy and 49 children (49 percent male; 51 percent female) with a mean age of 6.2 ± 3.4 received electrocautery tonsillectomy. Mean weight was 28.5 ± 19.1 kg and 30.2 ± 23.2 kg, respectively.