A new antifreeze protein discovered in tiny snow fleas by Queen's University researchers may lengthen the shelf life of human organs for transplantation.
Drs. Laurie Graham and Peter Davies, from the Department of Biochemistry, found that the potent protein produced by the fleas to protect themselves against freezing is capable of inhibiting ice growth by about six Celsius degrees. This would allow organs to be stored at lower temperatures, expanding the time allowed between removal and transplant.
The results of the Queen's study, funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), are published today in the international journal Science.
"Transplant organs must now be kept at the freezing point or slightly warmer," says Dr. Graham. "If we can drop the temperature at which the organ is safely stored, there will be a longer preservation period."
The hyperactive antifreeze protein produced by snow fleas is different from two other insect proteins discovered earlier at Queen's, the researchers say.
"Unlike the antifreeze proteins in beetles and moths, AFPs in snow fleas break down and lose their structure at higher temperatures," explains Dr Davies, Canada Research Chair in Protein Engineering. "This means that if used to store organs for transplants, they will be cleared from a person's system very quickly, reducing the possibility of harmful antibodies forming."