How are you first grader's social skills? If his calendar is jammed with play dates and the phone rings off the hook, say a silent thanks -your child's popularity may predict good reading skills by the third grade. That's the finding from a study published in the January/February 2006 issue of the journal Child Development.
The study, from researchers from Stanford University, also finds the opposite - that children with low reading skills in first and third grade are more likely to have relatively high aggressive behavior in third and fifth grades.
The researchers chose to explore this question in light of the fact that the social and academic realms in school are inextricably connected. "Children's social behavior can promote or undermine their learning," explains lead author Sarah Miles, a Ph.D. student at Stanford University, "and their academic performance may have implications for their social behavior."
Although previous studies have shown that social skills and academic achievement were linked, this study is the first to look at these relationships over time, examine both aggressive and prosocial behavior and focus on low-income children who are particularly at risk for difficulties in school.
Ms. Miles and her co-author, Deborah Stipek, Ph.D., collected data at the end of each school year between 1996 and 2002. To assess literacy achievement, they gave each child a variety of reading and comprehension tests based on their grade level. To assess social skills, teachers who had study children in their classrooms completed a questionnaire assessing each child's aggressive and prosocial behaviors.
The difference in the patterns found between aggressive behavior and literacy achievement, and prosocial behavior and literacy achievement, suggest that these two behaviors do not represent opposite ends of a continuum, noted Ms. Miles, but rather have distinct implications for children's development.