Preliminary research suggests that the expression pattern of microRNA (a short RNA molecule) may be useful in differentiating between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and may be able to distinguish long and short term survival time for patients with pancreatic cancer, according to an article in the May 2 issue of JAMA.
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease, with the annual deaths nearly equaling the incidence of 33,000 in the United States, according to background information in the article. In humans, aberrant expression of miRNAs contributes to carcinogenesis by promoting the expression of proto-oncogenes (a normal gene that has the potential to become an oncogene [a gene that can cause a cell to become malignant]) or by inhibiting the expression of tumor suppressor genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (ribonucleic acids; nucleic acids are present in all living cells). The role of miRNAs in ductal adenocarcinoma (malignant tumor) of the pancreas is not clear.
Mark Bloomston, M.D., of Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and colleagues conducted a series of experiments to identify the pattern of miRNA expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma to attempt to differentiate pancreatic cancer from benign pancreatic tissue and any differences in survival associated with certain miRNA expression. Study specimens were obtained at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center from patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (n = 65) or chronic pancreatitis (n = 42) (January 2000-December 2005). RNA was harvested from resected pancreatic cancers and benign adjacent pancreatic tissue as well as from chronic pancreatitis specimens and subsequent miRNA was analyzed to identify associations with certain tissue types and prognosis.
"We have identified-we believe for the first time-a global expression pattern of miRNAs that can differentiate ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas from normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis with 95 percent accuracy," the authors write. "A subgroup of 6 miRNAs was able to distinguish long-term [greater than 24 months] survivors with node-positive disease from those dying within 24 months. Finally, high expression of miR-196a-2 was found to predict poor survival (midpoint, 14.3 months vs. 26.5 months)."