Children who were resuscitated at birth have increased risk of low intelligence quotient (IQ) at age eight years, even if they were apparently healthy in the 28 days (neonatal period) following birth.
The findings are reported in an Article published Online First and in an upcoming edition of The Lancet, by Dr David Odd in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Southmead Hospital and Clinical Lecturer in Paediatrics at Clinical Science at North Bristol.
The authors studied children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children for their analysis. They looked at children who were resuscitated at birth but had no symptoms of encephalopathy and had no further neonatal care (815 children), those who were resuscitated and had neonatal care for symptoms of encephalopathy (58), and the reference group who were not resuscitated, had no symptoms of encephalopathy, and received no further neonatal care (10,609). Brain function was assessed at a median age of 8.6 years, and a low IQ score was assessed as being less than 80.
The researchers found that the increased risk of a low IQ score was recorded in both resuscitated infants asymptomatic for encephalopathy (65 per cent increased risk), and those with symptoms of encephalopathy (more than six-fold increased risk), compared with the reference group. However, the authors note that, since most infants who require resuscitation are asymptomatic for encephalopathy, the numbers of surviving asymptomatic children with a low IQ could have a greater effect on society than that of symptomatic infants. The proportion of children with a low IQ score attributable to hypoxia from resuscitation at birth was 3.4 per cent for asymptomatic children and 1.2 per cent of those who developed encephalopathy.