Long-term risks of invasive cancer and recurrence of severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are higher among women previously treated for CIN, compared with those with no CIN diagnosis, according to data from a large, retrospective cohort study published in the May 12 online issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
The study was undertaken because information on the long-term risks of subsequent CIN or invasive cancer among women previously treated for the disease is limited. More information on long-term risks is needed to help guide long-term follow-up of these patients.
To determine such risks, Joy Melnikow, M.D., of the Center for Healthcare Policy and Research at the University of California, Davis, and colleagues retrospectively identified a CIN cohort of 37,142 women who were treated for CIN 1, 2, or 3 from January 1, 1986, through December 31, 2000, and compared them with a cohort of 71,213 women with no previous CIN diagnosis. Both groups were under active surveillance through 2004.
The researchers found that risk for subsequent CIN or cervical cancer was associated with initial CIN grade, treatment type, and age. The risk of invasive cervical cancer and CIN 2/3 recurrence was highest for women who were older than 40 years, previously treated for CIN 3, or treated with cryotherapy. According to the study, the highest rates of CIN recurrence were observed in the first 6 years after treatment in the CIN cohort, with a majority of those identified in the first 2 years. Recurrence rates for CIN 2 or 3 during this 6 year period ranged from 2.3 % in the lowest risk group to 35% in the highest risk group. Overall incidence of cervical cancer in the CIN group was 37 cervical cancers per 100,000 woman-years compared with six cervical cancers per 100,000 woman-years among women who had not been previously diagnosed.