Professional counseling and support can boost physical activity among adults, a new review finds, but researchers aren’t sure what kind of professional advice work best to encourage exercise or whether counseling increases physical activity over the long run.
Counseling generally encourages exercise, according to Dr. Melvyn Hillsdon of
Professional counseling and support can boost physical activity among adults, a new review finds, but researchers aren’t sure what kind of professional advice work best to encourage exercise or whether counseling increases physical activity over the long run.
and colleagues. However, the researchers found no evidence that counseling can help people reach a specific exercise goal.
“More research is needed to establish which methods of exercise promotion work best in the long term to encourage different types of people to be more physically active,” Hillsdon says, noting that most of the studies included in the review lasted less than a year.
The review appears in the January issue of <<>>, a publication of The Cochrane Collaboration, an international organization that evaluates medical research. Systematic reviews draw evidence-based conclusions about medical practice after considering both the content and quality of existing medical trials on a topic.
Hillsdon and colleagues reviewed 17 studies that included 6,255 healthy adults age 16 and older. All of the studies were randomized controlled trials that compared different ways to encourage sedentary adults to become more physically active.
The studies measured the effects of interventions such as individual and group counseling, telephone calls, written motivational materials and supervised and unsupervised exercise.
Hillsdon and colleagues say continuing professional support combined with self-directed exercise may provide the most consistent results, but they acknowledge the studies vary too widely to recommend any single approach.
The differences between the studies also made it difficult to “determine if any type of physical activity is more likely to be adopted than any other type of physical activity,” Hillsdon says.
Most of the studies “were not designed to examine this question and as such generally did not report exactly what type of physical activity was performed,” he explains.
The researchers found no evidence that exercise-related heart problems or injuries increased among the study participants.
Hillsdon says the studies included in the review suffer from some biases. For instance, many of the studies failed to consider how a person’s current activity levels may have influenced their reaction to exercise counseling.