Photographs that reveal hidden skin damage from ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun, combined with information on sunless tanning alternatives, was effective in encouraging sun protection behaviors in a small group of college students, according to an article in the March issue of Archives of Dermatology.
Although most cases could be prevented, the incidence of new skin cancer, including the most deadly form, melanoma, is increasing more rapidly than that of any other type of cancer, according to background information in the article. Public education has been successful in raising awareness about the dangers of UV exposure, but has been less successful in motivating protective behavioral change. The authors suggest that young adults in particular are likely to be more interested in the appearance-enhancing benefits of tanning than the possibility of developing skin cancer in the distant future.
Heike I. M. Mahler, Ph.D., of the University of California, San Diego, and colleagues tested an intervention designed to address individuals' concerns about appearance in a small group of college students. One hundred forty six undergraduates (114 women and 32 men) were invited to participate in a study titled "Health Attitudes" for which they completed a questionnaire that assessed their sunbathing and sun protection practices.
The intervention group (95 students) had two photos taken of their faces, one under normal light and one with a UV filter. Underlying skin damage caused by chronic UV that can result in wrinkles and age spots is visible in the UV photographs but not in the ordinary photos. The intervention group received information on the aging effects of the sun as well as the other risks of UV exposure. Half of the intervention group were given a sample of a sunless tanning lotion. All the students filled out a second questionnaire on their intended future sunbathing and sun protection behaviors. The students were contacted a month later in a "surprise" telephone follow-up, of which they had not been informed.