A unique, targeted anti-cancer drug appears to show promise against neuroendocrine tumors-stubborn cancers that have traditionally responded poorly to chemotherapy, according to research findings announced at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).
Called SU11248, the drug was evaluated in a phase II clinical trial for carcinoid tumors and pancreatic islet cell tumors. About 80 percent of patients saw their disease stabilize (cancer stopped growing), and about 10 percent of those with islet cell tumors had tumors that actually partially shrank in response to the drug.
Carcinoid and pancreatic islet cell tumors have few tolerable, successful treatments, says medical oncologist Heinz-Josef Lenz, M.D., associate professor of medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California and co- principal investigator on the trial. "Other than surgery to remove a tumor, treatment for these cancers usually focuses on easing the symptoms. It is critical to find chemotherapies that offer treatment options for these cancers."
Today, only 18 percent of patients diagnosed with metastatic neuroendocrine cancer survive for five years after diagnosis, and complete cure is impossible. Doctors diagnose about 2,500 of the tumors in the nation a year, according to the latest estimates by the American Cancer Society.
USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center was one of only a handful of sites in the nation to offer the trial. The study was presented at ASCO by Matthew H. Kulke, M.D., assistant professor of medicine at Harvard University.
SU11248 is part of a new generation of investigational, targeted chemotherapies, Lenz explains. It hinders three types of proteins and receptors that cancer cells need to thrive. It appears to go after not only the cancer cells, but also the blood vessels that nourish cancerous tumors and the tissue that supports tumors in the body.
The drug hinders the action of vascular endothelial growth factor and two platelet-derived growth factors. It also interferes with proteins associated with a cancer gene called c-kit.
"I've never seen a drug quite like this one," says Lenz, director of gastrointestinal oncology at USC/Norris. For comparison, he explains, the cancer drug Gleevec has one pathway of action rather than three. Oncologists hope that the more mechanisms a drug uses to inactivate a cancer cell and keep it from doing its malignant work, the harder it is for a cell to escape the drug.