University of Illinois at Chicago researchers report that a protein that regulates key signaling pathways in cells also plays a role in controlling the active movement or migration of cells. The finding may suggest new pharmaceutical therapies for treating a variety of diseases, including cancer.
The protein, known as Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein, or RKIP, controls activity of kinases, a type of enzyme that acts as a key component in the biochemical signaling pathways responsible for determining almost all cellular activity. But RKIP's own activity is inhibited when a small molecule organic compound called locostatin, discovered earlier by UIC researchers, binds to it.
Lead investigator Gabriel Fenteany, assistant professor of chemistry at UIC, reports the finding in the Sept. 26 issue of the journal Chemistry and Biology.
The researchers used an approach sometimes called "forward chemical genetics" whereby they first identified locostatin as an inhibitor of cell migration, then used locostatin itself as a kind of bait to fish out the protein to which it binds. That protein was RKIP.
"We have implicated this protein in controlling cell migration, a role it was not previously known to play," said Fenteany. "It's a molecular target of locostatin. We found this on the basis of the chemical affinity of locostatin for this protein."
As a regulatory protein, RKIP controls the functions of kinases, thereby governing signaling pathways. When these pathways are not properly controlled, all kinds of diseases can result, including cancer.
Fenteany and his team also confirmed that RKIP is involved in cell migration by using other methods.