A potent member of a new class of drugs increases survival in some patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and may become the new standard of therapy for this group of pre-cancer disorders, say researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center who led a national study of the agent.
The drug, decitabine, is designed to turn on genes that cancer had switched off, and in this study, patients who were treated with it achieved a significantly higher overall response rate, compared to patients receiving supportive care, which includes transfusions of red blood cells and platelets.
Results of the randomized Phase III clinical trial, published March 13, 2006 in the online version of the journal Cancer, also concluded that in treated patients who responded to the drug, the median time to progression of the disease, or death, was 17.5 months, compared to 9.8 months in patients who did not.
"This is a very promising drug that we believe works even better when patients use it for a period that is longer than that tested in this trial," says lead author, Hagop Kantarjian, M.D., chair of the Department of Leukemia at M. D. Anderson.
For example, interim analysis of an ongoing study demonstrated a 40 percent complete response rate when the drug was given in lower doses over a longer period of time, said Kantarjian, who presented these results in December 2005, at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology. In contrast, the 83 patients treated with decitabine in this study received comparatively fewer rounds of therapy, and the response rate was 17 percent, he said.
"The data suggest to us that prolonged treatment is important for response but the optimal schedule for using decitabine is being studied," said Kantarjian.