One-fourth of individuals at high risk for contracting HIV report planning to be tested for the virus in the next year, but fewer appear to follow through on that intention than individuals who are at lower risk, according to a report in the October 22 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine.
About 1.1 million U.S. individuals are affected with the HIV virus, and 24 percent to 27 percent do not know they are infected, according to background information in the article. The HIV epidemic is increasingly affecting groups not perceived as being high-risk, including women, the poor and individuals living in rural areas. “Initiatives to increase the rates of HIV testing, particularly among groups not traditionally perceived as being at high risk, have been advanced as a primary strategy in the effort to combat the HIV epidemic,” the authors write.
Jan Ostermann, Ph.D., M.S., of Duke University, Durham, N.C., and colleagues analyzed data from 146,868 adults age 18 to 64 who were interviewed between 2000 and 2005 as part of the National Health Interview Surveys. Participants were asked whether any of a list of HIV risk factors, such as receiving blood clotting factors for hemophilia or using injection drugs, applied to them. They also reported their HIV testing history and whether they planned on being tested in the next year, in addition to how often they drank alcohol, whether they had symptoms of depression and their sociodemographic information, such as age, education and marital status.
Overall, rates of HIV testing remained approximately the same between 2000 and 2005, with 37 percent of participants reporting being tested in their lifetimes and 10 percent within the past year. Females, minorities and individuals who reported greater risks for HIV were more likely to be tested. However, even among those reporting a medium or high risk for HIV, fewer than 25 percent were tested in the previous year.