Avoid stress and exercise lots during pregnancy

New Australian research has found that even minor, everyday stress during pregnancy possibly affects a developing foetus.

Researchers from the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research in Western Australia say stress has an affect on the brain of the growing foetus and can cause problem behaviour by the time the child reaches pre-school age.

According to the researchers the psychological effects of financial troubles and personal conflict may begin even before birth and lower-level stresses, such as pregnancy problems, bereavement, relationship difficulties, job loss, money worries or moving house, also have an affect.

Other research has provided evidence that the children of mothers who experienced extreme trauma during pregnancy are less well-adjusted but this new research suggests that even mild stress has its consequences.

The study led by Monique Robinson, questioned almost 3,000 women in mid and late pregnancy about whether they were experiencing any of 10 potential stresses, and later correlated their responses with their children's behaviour.

It was found that by age two years the likelihood that children would be disobedient and aggressive increased in proportion to the amount of stress their mother had experienced while pregnant and this link remained by the time the children reached age five, but was less pronounced.

Ms Robinson says the effects might be the result of stress hormones triggered in the mother entering the bloodstream of the child before birth and she suggests people need to develop greater sensitivity to pregnant women's needs.

Ms Robinson says pregnancy is often a time when there is a lot of pressure on women to do the right thing and inflexible notions abound on how pregnant women should behave, such as overly prescriptive dietary advice and this possibly creates an atmosphere of anxiety even for women whose social circumstances are good.

Experts say it is already recognised that stressful environments are bad for the infant's brain and the new research confirms that more attention needs to be paid antenatally.

The researchers say it is also possible that women who were stressed during pregnancy might be more susceptible to stress during their children's early years.

In addition to the Australian research a small study by Brazilian researchers has found that exercise during pregnancy may help women reduce the need for anesthesia when they give birth.

Researchers from the University of Campinas carried out a study involving 71 pregnant women - 34 were assigned to a water aerobics exercise programme for three 50 minute session each week and compared to 37 in a sedentary control group, matched for age, weight, education, previous births and body mass before pregnancy.

Both groups of women were healthy and in good physical condition, and there was no difference between the two groups in length of labour, type of delivery or health of the newborn, and the programme had no effect on the cardiovascular capacity of the women.

However only 27% of the exercisers requested pain medication during labour, compared with 65% of the controls.

Lead author, Rosa I. Pereira says healthy women with a low-risk pregnancy should practice regular moderate physical exercise during pregnancy as the study suggests it provides a small advantage regarding the need for epidural anesthesia

The Australian study is published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and the Brazilian study appears in the Nov. 21 issue of Reproductive Health.