UT Health Science Center San Antonio researchers, working in a mouse model of stroke, are delivering neuroprotective drugs to the brain by spraying them onto the lining of a nerve in the nose.
The goal is to prevent the death of brain cells after stroke.
The drugs are delivered via the olfactory nerve, which controls the sense of smell. In humans, connections from this nerve extend to areas controlling speech, comprehension and opposite-side movement, all of which may be damaged by an ischemic stroke resulting in devastating disabilities. Ischemia is a lack of oxygen resulting from clots blocking blood vessels.
"This nerve is a highway to the brain through which we can easily deliver brain tissue-preserving agents, and we think this method of delivery may be good for eight to nine hours after a stroke begins," said David F. Jimenez, M.D., professor and chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at the Health Science Center.
Stroke, the nation's third-leading killer, can strike anyone at any time. As the minutes pass, brain tissues die from lack of oxygen. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug, is generally very effective if administered within the first three hours of stroke onset.
After three hours, surgery is often necessary to bust the clot or retrieve it. After six hours, it is difficult to limit stroke damage by any means. If aerosol drug delivery through the olfactory nerve can be moved from the mouse model to human clinical trials and eventually to federal approval, it would potentially expand that window.
Preliminary studies in the mouse model are extremely promising.