Foot ulcers: One of the many challenges of diabetics

Diabetics face many health challenges, and among them is the risk of developing foot ulcers.

"Foot ulcers can be painful and can lead to further infections and even limb amputation if they are not monitored or treated correctly," said Marcus M. Riedhammer, M.D., Certified Wound Specialist, Geisinger Medical Center. "Diabetes can cause nerve damage, which lessens a diabetic's ability to feel when an injury develops, and it can adversely affect circulation and the body's ability to help wounds heal or fight off infection. Because of these issues, diabetics are particularly susceptible to developing foot ulcers."

Foot ulcers are open sores that usually develop on the ball of the foot or bottom of the big toe. They occur when repeated pressure is applied to an area of the foot, and are characterized by red, crater-shaped wounds that can range from a shallow crater only involving the surface skin to holes that reach as far as the bone.

"Foot ulcers are often uncomfortable, but diabetics may not feel them as they develop or know that they have one at all," Dr. Riedhammer said. "This can be especially dangerous because it can lead to a variety of infections and other complications. An infection acquired through an open wound can spread quickly, become an abscess and lead to gangrene and other harmful medical complications, which may necessitate amputating a toe, foot or part of the lower leg."

Prevention is easy, Dr. Riedhammer said. By checking and washing feet daily and wearing shoes that fit correctly, most patients can avoid developing these ulcers. Meeting with a podiatrist can help patients understand their risk for developing ulcers as well, he said.

If an open sore develops, consult a physician immediately, he advised. Often times, diseased skin needs to be removed, and wound dressing is applied to the affected area. Rest and limiting pressure to the ulcer are very important as well, and antibiotics may need to be prescribed in the case of an infection.

Geisinger Medical Center's Wound Care Center treats patients affected by foot ulcers, leg ulcers, ischemic or arterial ulcers, and chronic, non-healing wounds. A multidisciplinary team - which includes experts in orthopedics, vascular and plastic surgery, nutrition counseling, lymphedema and orthotics - collaborates to provide patients with the most effective treatment.

"Foot ulcers may seem like a minor issue, but they can pose a serious threat to your health," Dr. Riedhammer said. "By checking your feet every day, being aware of the risks ulcers pose and consulting a doctor upon the first sign of a wound developing, the risks and side effects of foot ulcers can be minimized."