Some complications may occur in children receiving cochlear implants, and are highly correlated with trauma to the ear area and inner ear malformation, according to a report in the January issue of Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Cochlear implants are electronic devices that can help provide a sense of sound to individuals who are deaf or severely hearing-impaired. "The success of cochlear implantation as an auditory rehabilitative tool requires a thorough knowledge of indications, limitations and potential risks," the authors write as background information in the article. "Since 1990, the number of pediatric cochlear implants has increased significantly, and more specific pediatric evaluation of the medical and surgical risks can be collected."
Natalie Loundon, M.D., and colleagues at H-pital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, studied 434 patients who underwent cochlear implantation at one facility between 1990 and 2008. All patients were younger than 16 at the time of operation (average age 4.7 years), 41 (9.4 percent) were younger than 24 months and 43 (9.9 percent) had inner ear malformations. They were followed up for an average of 5.5 years, with complications tracked and classified as early (zero to eight days) or delayed (more than eight days after surgery), and major (requiring a new admission and/or extended hospital stay) or minor.
A total of 43 patients (9.9 percent) experienced complications during the follow-up period. Of these, 28 (65.1 percent) were delayed, with an average delay of 2.2 years. Thirteen of the 43 patients (30.2 percent) underwent re-implantation as a result of their complications.