'Chattering' receptors drive breast cancer
CANCER RESEARCH UK scientists have shown for the first time how preventing two receptors - 'cell antennae' - communicating with each other can influence the activity of oestrogen, the hormone that fuels the progression of breast cancer in many women. The research is published in Genes and Development.
A team of scientists at Cancer Research UK's Cambridge Research Institute examined breast cancer cells to determine the relationship between two receptors called retinoic acid-alpha and oestrogen receptor-alpha when cells are exposed to the hormone oestrogen.
Dr Jason Carroll, lead author and group leader at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, said: "Given that up to 70 per cent of breast cancers are oestrogen receptor positive and require oestrogen for the growth of the tumour, it is important that we better understand how oestrogen receptors function in breast cancer. This knowledge will help us develop better treatments."
Receptors are the parts of the cell that receive molecular 'messengers' with instructions for the cell to behave in a certain way. Oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer means that oestrogen receptors have been found in the cancer cells. The area on the oestrogen receptor is like an antenna that can pick up the oestrogen signal to drive breast cancer.
It was previously known that the growth of some breast cancers can be slowed by molecules called retinoids, which bind to retinoid alpha receptors - although the reasons for this have been unclear.
The team found for the first time that these two sets of receptors - oestrogen and retinoic - 'speak' to each other in breast cancer cells in order for the oestrogen 'signal' to have an effect.
This research suggests that retinoids in breast cancer cells interrupt the two different receptors 'conversing'. This lack of conversation may prevent oestrogen receptors functioning properly in breast cancer, thereby blocking the oestrogen's ability to fuel breast cancer.
Dr Carroll, added: "We're excited about these findings. We have discovered that in breast cancer cells, oestrogen receptors have a 'conversation' with retinoid receptors in order for the oestrogen receptor to work as well as possible.