Scientists at the Monell Center have used a well-known example of individual differences to identify a genetic contribution to the sense of smell.
Most people detect a distinct sulfurous odor in their urine shortly after eating asparagus. However, there are some who seemingly do not notice the unpleasant odor.
Up until now, it has been unclear whether this is because these individuals do not produce the odor or because they cannot smell it.
Addressing this mystery from several angles, scientists from the Monell Center first used sophisticated sensory testing techniques to show that both explanations apply: approximately eight percent of the subjects tested did not produce the odorous substance, while six percent were unable to smell the odor. One person both did not produce the odor and was unable to smell it.
Next, DNA samples collected from each subject revealed that the inability to smell asparagus odor was linked to genetic variation within a family of olfactory receptors.
"This is one of only a few examples to date showing genetic differences among humans in their sense of smell," said study co-author Danielle Reed, Ph.D., a Monell behavioral geneticist. "Specifically, we have learned that changes in an olfactory receptor gene can have a large effect on a person's ability to smell certain sulfurous compounds. Other such compounds include mercaptan, the chemical used to add odor to natural gas so that people are able to detect it."