Urine test could help men avoid unnecessary prostate cancer biopsies

Unnecessary prostate cancer biopsies could be reduced by 60 percent thanks to new research from the University of East Anglia (UK).

Researchers have developed new methods to identify biomarkers for prostate cancer by combining information from multiple parts of urine samples.

It is hoped that the breakthrough could help large numbers of men avoid an unnecessary initial biopsy.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK. It usually develops slowly and the majority of cancers will not require treatment in a man’s lifetime.

The most commonly used tests for prostate cancer include blood tests, a physical examination known as a digital rectal examination (DRE), an MRI scan or a biopsy.

Lead author Shea Connell from UEA’s Norwich Medical School, said:

Prostate cancer is more commonly a disease men die with rather than from.

Current practice assesses a patient’s disease using a PSA blood test, prostate biopsy and MRI. But up to 60 percent of men with a raised PSA level are negative for prostate cancer on biopsy.

So it is clear that there is a considerable need for additional, more accurate, tests."

Last year, the same team unveiled an experimental new test called ‘PUR’ (Prostate Urine Risk) which diagnoses aggressive prostate cancer and predicts whether patients will require treatment up to five years earlier than standard clinical methods.

The latest research combines information from two different components in urine which further improves its use for diagnosis.

Shea Connell said:

We wanted to see if other biological information from urine could be integrated together with clinical information to create a new predictive test with even greater potential.”

The team developed the ExoMeth test by studying urine samples collected from 197 patients. They used machine learning techniques to find which specific combination of biological markers could be useful for predicting the presence of prostate cancer.

ExoMeth takes a ‘holistic view’ of urine for biomarkers by considering much more than a single fraction of the urine. By integrating cell-free RNA, cellular methylation and clinical factors all together, the research team can now much more accurately discriminate the disease status of a patient without the need for an invasive biopsy.

It provides good evidence that multiple aspects of urine can be combined to determine a patient’s disease status.

Senior author Dr. Daniel Brewer, from UEA’s Norwich Medical School, said:

It’s still very early days for this research, but if ExoMeth were validated in a future study with many more patients, we could see an approximate 60 percent reduction in unnecessary biopsies in around five years.”