Teens’ brains shift from focusing on their mothers’ voices to favor new voices, finds study

When your teenagers don't seem to hear you, it's not simply that they don't want to clean their room or finish their homework: Their brains aren't registering your voice the way they did in pre-teenage years.

Around age 13, kids' brains no longer find their moms' voices uniquely rewarding, and they tune into unfamiliar voices more, a new study from the Stanford School of Medicine has found.

The research, which was published April 28 in the Journal of Neuroscience, used functional MRI brain scans to give the first detailed neurobiological explanation for how teens begin to separate from their parents.

Just as an infant knows to tune into her mother's voice, an adolescent knows to tune into novel voices. As a teen, you don't know you're doing this. You're just being you: You've got your friends and new companions and you want to spend time with them. Your mind is increasingly sensitive to and attracted to these unfamiliar voices."

Daniel Abrams, PhD, lead study author, clinical associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences

In some ways, teens' brains are more receptive to all voices — including their mothers' — than the brains of children under 12, the researchers discovered, a finding that lines up with teenagers' increased interest in many types of social signals.

However, in teenage brains, the reward circuits and the brain centers that prioritize important stimuli are more activated by unfamiliar voices than by those of their mothers. The brain's shift toward new voices is an aspect of healthy maturation, the researchers said.

"A child becomes independent at some point, and that has to be precipitated by an underlying biological signal," said the study's senior author, Vinod Menon, PhD, the Rachael L. and Walter F. Nichols, MD, Professor and a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. "That's what we've uncovered: This is a signal that helps teens engage with the world and form connections which allow them to be socially adept outside their families."

Age-related shift toward new voices

The Stanford team previously found that, in the brains of children 12 and under, hearing Mom's voice triggers an explosion of unique responses: A study published in 2016 showed that kids can identify their moms' voices with extremely high accuracy and that the special sound of Mom cues not just the brain's auditory-processing areas, but also many areas not triggered by unfamiliar voices, including reward centers, emotion-processing regions, visual processing centers and brain networks that decide which incoming information is salient.