EULAR points-to-consider can guide diagnostic evaluation, treatment and monitoring of SAIDs

SAIDs are a group of multi-system disorders caused by dysfunction in the innate immune system. A number of these SAIDs are mediated by a cytokine called interleukin-1 (IL-1), including the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), and deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA). These rare diseases usually start in early childhood with variable multiorgan involvement.

The new EULAR points-to-consider were developed by a multidisciplinary task force from 7 European countries. The people taking part had expertise in pediatric and adult rheumatology. The group also included allied health professionals and patient representatives. The work was completed in line with EULAR standardized operating procedures. The aim was to establish evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of people with IL-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases.

The paper developed by EULAR and published in the month 2022 issue of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases includes five overarching principles and three sets of points to consider. The principles say that a multidisciplinary team is required to evaluate and manage people with IL-1-mediated SAIDs, and that patients presenting with flares of unexplained systemic inflammation should receive a prompt diagnostic workup including genetic testing and screening for complications. The goal of treatment is to control clinical signs and symptoms and normalize inflammation using a treat-to-target approach, and requires long-term monitoring.

The three sets of points to consider include 14 statements related to diagnosis, 10 on therapy, and 9 focused on long-term monitoring. For diagnosis, the points cover genetic and clinical workup for specific diseases. The statements on therapy give suggestions for the use of IL-1 blocking therapy, each supported by a grade of recommendation and level of supporting evidence. The 9 points to consider on monitoring touch on disease activity and burden, as well as growth and development of children with SAIDs, and the risk of complications and infections. These also cover recommendations for immunizations.

EULAR believes these points to consider can guide diagnostic evaluation, treatment and monitoring of patients, and help to standardize and improve care, quality of life, and disease outcomes.