The T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a dedicated subset of CD4+ T cells that are vital for the affinity maturation, survival, and class switch recombination of B cells. They promote successful B-cell antibody-mediated immune responses.
The dysregulation of Tfh cells is linked to chronic graft-versus-host-disease and autoimmune disorder systemic sclerosis. These cells also have vital roles to play in cancer, allergies, viral infections, and asthma. There is an increasing interest in the potential to employ these cells to improve vaccination and therapeutic strategies.
Many prominent cytokines positively or negatively regulate Tfh cell differentiation and development. Cytokines IL-6, IL-27, IL-21, and TGF-β1 partner with IL-23 and IL-12 to initiate the differentiation of naive T cells.
Consequently, there is an increase in Bcl-6 and upregulation of ICOS, CXCR5, as well as PD-1 expression on Tfh cells and stimulation of STAT3/STAT4. Contrastingly, IL-10, IL-7, and IL-2 suppress Tfh cell development.
Tfh cells predominantly secrete IL-21, but new evidence shows that these cells also secrete IFN-γ, IL-4, and CXCL13, which is connected to Tfh cell infiltration and improved cancer survival. Influenza vaccines boost Tfh levels, implicating the vital functions of Tfh cells in antibody modulation and high-quality antibody response.
Sino Biological has engineered a complete collection of high-quality cytokines that supports research in the development and applications of Tfh cells.
Illustration of featured recombinant cytokines
- Various species
- Tag-free
- High activity
- Low endotoxin
- HPLC-verified high purity
- Batch-to-batch consistency
Human IL-21 protein: 10584-HNAE
IL-21 function
- Upregulates Bcl-6 expression on B cells
- Regulates GC B cell formation and maintenance
- Contributes to affinity maturation
- Needed for the development of long-lived plasma cells (LLPC)
- Regulates GC B cell transition to Memory B cell (MBC)
Ability to induce Interferon-gamma secretion by human natural killer lymphoma NK-92 cells. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Batch-to-batch Consistency. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
> 95% as determined by SEC-HPLC. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human IFN-γ protein: 11725-HNAE
Purity: ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE & HPLC. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Anti-viral assays using WISH cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human IFNGR1 protein: 10338-H08H
Ability to inhibit rhIFN-γ mediated protection of WISH cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Purity: ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE & HPLC. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Cell proliferation assay using anti-CD3 antibody activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Batch-to-batch Consistency. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Bind to Human IL12RB1; Induce IFN γ secretion. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human IL-21R protein: 11483-H08H
Ability to inhibit IL-21-induced Interferon gamma secretion by human natural killer lymphoma NK-92 cells. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Human IL-4R protein: 10402-H08H
Ability to inhibit IL-4 dependent proliferation of TF-1 human erthroleukemic cells in the presence of IL-4. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Illustration of featured antibodies
- Anti-IL7R alpha Antibody, Rabbit pAb - Cat#: 108919-T08
Immunochemical staining of mouse IL-7R in mouse testis tissue. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
- Anti-IL21R Antibody, Rabbit pAb - Cat#: 11483-T24
Immunochemical staining of human IL21R in human spleen tissue. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Neutralize IL-6 induced proliferation in the T1165 mouse plasmacytoma cells. Image Credit: Sino Biological Inc.
Related cytokines
- IL-2
- IL-4
- IL-6
- IL-7
- IL-10
- IL-12
- IL-13
- IL-17
- IL-21
- IL-23
- IL-27
- IFN Gamma
- CXCL13
- TGFβ1
Other related molecules