Exelixis, Inc. (NASDAQ:EXEL) today reported positive updated interim data from the cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients participating in the ongoing phase 2 randomized discontinuation trial (RDT) of cabozantinib. Chris Verslype, M.D., Ph.D., professor of medicine at the Departments of Digestive Oncology/Hepatology at the University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium, and an investigator on the trial, presented the data today in an oral session at the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2012 Annual Meeting (Abstract #4007). The meeting is taking place in Chicago, Illinois. Slides from the presentation are available at http://www.exelixis.com.
The results comprise data from 41 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with measurable disease at baseline and documented progressive disease per RECIST criteria. Patients in the open label 12-week Lead-In Stage of the trial received a daily dose of 100 mg cabozantinib. Eligible patients had Child-Pugh Score A. Eighty percent had received 1-2 prior lines of systemic therapy: 56% had prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, including 51% previously treated with sorafenib. At baseline, extrahepatic spread of disease (which is associated with a poorer prognosis) was present in 73% of subjects, 39% had hemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dL, 34% had thrombocytopenia, and median alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was 368 ng/ml. Tumor assessments per original RECIST 1.0 were conducted using conventional CT/MRI at baseline and every 6 weeks thereafter.
Progression-Free survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). Median PFS was 4.4 months, and was similar for sorafenib-pretreated and sorafenib-naïve patients. Median OS in the 41 patients was 15.1 months.
Response Rate. The week 12 disease control rate (partial response [PR] and stable disease [SD] at week 12) was 66%. Evidence of objective tumor regression was observed in 78% of patients, including those with or without prior sorafenib therapy. The best radiologic response per RECIST in the Lead-In stage of the study for 36 patients with at least one post-baseline measurement was PR in 2 patients (5%) and SD in 32 patients (78%).
"The progression-free survival and overall survival results observed to date are encouraging," said Eric Van Cutsem, M.D., Ph.D., professor of internal medicine and digestive oncology at the University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium, and senior investigator on the presentation. "It is also interesting that the activity of cabozantinib in this population was irrespective of sorafenib pre-treatment status. The data suggest that dual inhibition of MET and VEGF with cabozantinib may provide clinical benefit beyond what can be achieved through inhibition of either pathway alone."
AFP Biomarker and hemoglobin. A decrease of >50% in serum AFP was observed in 9 of 26 patients (35%) with baseline values ≥ 20 ng/mL The median maximum rise in Hb for the 13 patients with baseline Hb < 11 g/dL was 3.1 g/dL (range 1.3 to 7.8 g/dL).
"These interim data are encouraging and support the potential utility of cabozantinib in the treatment of HCC," said Michael M. Morrissey, Ph.D., president and chief executive officer of Exelixis. "As previously announced, a trial evaluating cabozantinib in a second-line randomized phase 2 trial in HCC is planned under our Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program. We believe this planned trial will help to prioritize the development of cabozantinib in HCC in the context of the multiple indications in which the compound appears to provide clinical benefit."
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