Households that grow their own food waste less, eat more fruit and vegetables

Household fruit and vegetable production, in allotments and gardens, could be key to a healthy and food-secure population, a new study from the University of Sheffield has found.

The study followed household food-growers over the course of a year to assess their production, purchase, donation and waste of fruit and vegetables.

It found those who grow their own can produce more than half of the vegetables (51 per cent) and 20 per cent of the fruit they consume annually.

As well as providing sustainable access to fresh fruit and vegetables, the study also found household food growers ate 6.3 portions of their recommended 5-a-day, which is 70 per cent higher than the UK national average at only 3.7 portions. This finding suggests household food production could promote the adoption of a healthier diet.

Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is associated with significantly decreased risks of developing health issues like obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer, and could help prevent associated deaths and cut healthcare costs worldwide.

Our new study highlights the role that growing fruit and vegetables at a household scale could play in increasing their consumption."

Dr Zilla Gulyas, Study Author, University of Sheffield's School of Biosciences

The findings of the study suggest that household food production could both promote fruit and vegetable consumption and play an important role in increasing household and national food self-sufficiency, as well as reducing waste.

Households that had the ability to grow their own fruits and vegetables also wasted little, with only 0.12 portions a day being thrown out on average. This is 95 per cent lower than the fruit and vegetable waste of the average UK household.

This suggests that household food production was associated with more waste-reducing behaviors which could also increase household food security on a national scale, as participants commonly engaged in behaviors like donating unneeded food items and persevering and freezing excess food for later use.

According to the National Food Strategy published in 2021, developing the ability of the national food system to provide sufficient amounts of healthy food for all, whilst withstanding socio-economic and environmental shocks, and pressures from continued rapid urbanization and climate change, is a key priority in the UK. Although, the role of own-growing in this was overlooked and going forward should be recognised in government policy.

Dr Gulyas states household level food production could play an important role in promoting both healthy diets and food system resilience. For this however, people need better access to space and other resources needed to grow their own.

She said: "We need to find ways to overcome socio-economic challenges to upscaling household food production, especially among those most affected by low fruit and vegetable intakes, like low-income families. Increasing the amount of space available to UK households to produce their own food is essential to this, especially given the steady decline in allotment land nationally."

Dr Jill Edmondson, from the University of Sheffield's Institute for Sustainable Food and School of Biosciences, said: "Global food security is one of the biggest challenges we will face in the future, therefore it's crucial that we find new ways to increase the resilience of the UK food system.

"This study provides the first long-term evidence that household food production could play in promoting healthier diets through self-sufficiency and adds important support to any policy making that seeks to expand household level fruit and vegetable production."