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Understanding the epigenetic regulation of hepatic stellate cells in NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately 38% of the global population from 2016 to 2019.

25 Jul 2024

AI improves breast cancer staging by analyzing chromatin images

Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT are using artificial intelligence to improve the categorization of breast cancer.

24 Jul 2024

AI model enhances DCIS diagnosis using tissue image analysis

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a type of preinvasive tumor that sometimes progresses to a highly deadly form of breast cancer. It accounts for about 25 percent of all breast cancer diagnoses.

24 Jul 2024

Exploring non-coding RNAs as regulators of notch signaling in breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most challenging cancers to treat, primarily due to its heterogeneity and propensity for metastasis.

23 Jul 2024

One-time prime editing targets common genetic cause of cystic fibrosis

Researchers optimized prime editing for the efficient correction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator F508del mutation in human airway epithelial cells, achieving high correction efficiencies and functional restoration with minimal off-target effects.

15 Jul 2024

Study reveals how DDM1 protein suppresses 'jumping genes' in plants

International joint research led by Akihisa Osakabe and Yoshimasa Takizawa of the University of Tokyo has clarified the molecular mechanisms in thale cresses (Arabidopsis thaliana) by which the DDM1 (Decreased in DNA Methylation 1) protein prevents the transcription of "jumping genes."

11 Jul 2024

Machine learning identifies cancer-driving mutations at CTCF binding sites

Researchers developed a machine learning tool, CTCF-INSITE, to identify mutational hotspots at persistent CTCF binding sites across various cancers, highlighting their role in genomic structure disruption and cancer progression.

7 Jul 2024

Research reveals how motorized processes shape chromosome structure development

Researchers at Rice University are making strides in understanding how chromosome structures change throughout the cell's life cycle.

3 Jul 2024

Gene mutation explains heart defects in children

A new groundbreaking study sheds light on a medical question scientists have long wondered: why do 40 per cent of children with the rare neurodevelopmental disorder KBG syndrome have heart defects? The research now points to a critical link between the heart and the brain.

3 Jul 2024

“G900” gene enhancers may play a pivotal role in asthma-associated inflammation

Type-2 helper T (Th2) cells play intricate roles in the inflammatory response underlying asthma. Elevated levels of the protein GATA3 stimulate the maturation of these cells. Consequently, gene regions known as enhancers, which enhance the expression of the GATA3 gene, have been implicated in asthma-associated inflammation.

26 Jun 2024

Study provides resource for investigating diabetes-linked transcription factors

Scientists have generated a comprehensive map of the gene targets regulated by the transcription factors HNF4A and HNF1A in human pancreatic beta cells and liver cells. Published in the journal Nature Communications, the study revealed common and tissue-specific molecular pathways regulated by HNF4A and HNF1A, two proteins that possess important functions governing the development and function of the pancreas and liver.

26 Jun 2024

Study links gene regulation to allergic airway inflammation

Asthma patients experience respiratory distress due to allergens like house dust mites or pollen. However, the various triggers for asthma share a common pathway involving the release of proteins called type-2 cytokines by Type-2 helper T (Th2) cells and group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Both Th2 and ILC2 require high amounts of GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) for their maturation.

25 Jun 2024

Study links lifetime cannabis use with substance use, mood disorders, celiac, and infectious diseases

Researchers identify genetic loci associated with lifetime and frequency of cannabis use.

21 Jun 2024

The hidden genetic switches influencing human height and bone health

In mammals, only 3% of the genome consists of coding genes which, when transcribed into proteins, ensure the biological functions of the organism and the in-utero development of future individuals. But genes do not function alone.

14 Jun 2024

Innovative blood test boosts accuracy of lung cancer screening

A blood-based, cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) fragmentome assay for lung cancer detection.

11 Jun 2024

Targeting epigenetic enzymes in dendritic cells to improve cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is one of the pillars in the fight against cancer and aims to enable the body's own immune system to fight a tumor.

7 Jun 2024

Genetic discovery reveals key to inflammatory diseases

Researchers discovered that a specific haplotype on chromosome 21 is linked to five inflammatory diseases, offering insights into potential new treatments.

7 Jun 2024

Salk researchers unveil SWI/SNF variants' role in macrophage immune responses

Bacteria, parasites, viruses-;the immune system tackles them all. At the front line of the human immune response are cells called macrophages, which are responsible for correctly identifying intruders and then directing how the entire immune system responds.

5 Jun 2024

Researchers uncover two classes of genetic causes for pediatric chordoma

Little is known about the genetics and biology of chordoma, a rare and aggressive bone tumor. Chordomas occur in approximately one in a million people in the U.S. a year and only five percent of these are in children.

30 May 2024

Heart failure triggers multimorbidity by altering stem cells, study reveals

Researchers identified that heart failure (HF) promotes multimorbidity by altering hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to produce pro-inflammatory macrophages, increasing vulnerability in multiple organs. The study highlights the role of suppressed TGF-β signaling in these alterations, contributing to chronic inflammation and subsequent health issues.

28 May 2024