Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset or noninsulindependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. This form of diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas keeps up with the added demand by producing more insulin. In time, however, it loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. People who are overweight and inactive are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes taking diabetes medicines, making wise food choices, exercising regularly, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and taking aspirin daily—for some.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic condition that develops when the body fails to produce enough insulin or when insulin fails to work properly, which is referred to as insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood to use for energy.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Pathophysiology

Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms

Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis

Type 2 Diabetes Screening and Prevention

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Living With Type 2 Diabetes

Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes

Is a Plant-Based Diet Good for Type 2 Diabetes?

Are Low Carbohydrate Diets Good for Type 2 Diabetes?

What is Insulin Resistance?

Insulin Resistance Pathophysiology

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Latest Type 2 Diabetes News and Research

Study links type 2 diabetes to weakened reward signals in the brain

The high comorbidity of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with psychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders points to a need for understanding what links these diseases.

24 Mar 2025

Long-term inhaled corticosteroids linked to increased health risks in COPD patients

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly prescribed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but not recommended as first-line treatment unless patients have asthma/COPD overlap or frequent exacerbations.

24 Mar 2025

A pecan a day keeps bad cholesterol away

Daily consumption of 57g of pecans for 12 weeks improved cholesterol profiles and diet quality in adults at risk of cardiometabolic disease, without affecting vascular health. Replacing typical snacks with pecans led to higher intake of healthy fats and fiber, and reduced carbohydrate consumption.

24 Mar 2025

Fish oil supplements beat oily fish at reducing harmful blood vesicles

Fish oil supplements, delivering higher EPA doses, significantly reduced the number and procoagulant activity of extracellular vesicles—unlike oily fish. This suggests EPA, not DHA, may drive cardiovascular benefits linked to EV function.

24 Mar 2025

Skipping exercise? Just sitting less may still improve your metabolic health

Older adults who limit their sedentary time have lower metabolic syndrome risk, regardless of how active they are or how healthy they eat. Even light movement can support better metabolic health when replacing prolonged sitting.

24 Mar 2025

New research paves the way for non-hormonal endometriosis treatments

Roughly 200 million women around the world suffer from endometriosis, a condition that causes tissue from the lining of the uterus to grow in places outside of the uterus.

22 Mar 2025

Duke-NUS and NUS Medicine launch first-ever joint center to drive metabolomics research

In a strategic move for medical research and innovation, Duke-NUS Medical School and the National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (NUS Medicine) have launched the Systems Metabolomics Centre (SysMeC), their first-ever joint research center.

22 Mar 2025

Exploring the therapeutic potential of flavonoids in type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a rapidly increasing global prevalence. It is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and impaired glucose homeostasis.

20 Mar 2025

Smartwatch data could offer new way to assess cardiovascular health

The answer to your heart health may be on your wrist, a new study suggests. Researchers have developed a new way to assess cardiovascular health based on information routinely collected by smartwatches, according to a study being presented at the American College of Cardiology's Annual Scientific Session (ACC.25).

20 Mar 2025

Cell map offers insights into endometrial dysfunction in women with PCOS

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) find it harder to get pregnant, have more frequent miscarriages and have a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer.

20 Mar 2025

Early use of anti-obesity medication doubles weight loss

Adding an anti-obesity medication just one month after behavioral therapy begins-rather than waiting the currently recommended six months-can more than double weight loss for patients who struggle initially with lifestyle changes alone, according to new research published in Nature Medicine from a team at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

18 Mar 2025

Keto controversy? Experts say it’s here to stay

Low-carb and ketogenic diets offer sustainable solutions for chronic disease, enhancing metabolic health and supporting weight loss through dietary changes.

18 Mar 2025

Could a little spice in your diet prevent gestational diabetes?

Eating chili once a month during pregnancy is linked to a significantly lower risk of gestational diabetes, while dried beans and bean soup showed no clear association.

17 Mar 2025

Study links inflammation pathways to changes in bone mineral density

In one of the first studies of its kind, a team of researchers from Keck School of Medicine of USC has found that proteins and pathways involved in inflammation are associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) over time.

14 Mar 2025

Social advantage reduces risk of age-related diseases and slows aging

People with favorable socioeconomic conditions, such as high incomes or education levels, face a reduced risk of age-related diseases and show fewer signs of biological aging than peers of the same age, finds a new study led by University College London (UCL) researchers.

14 Mar 2025

New insights into screening and treatment for diabetic retinal disease

Diabetes affects more than 1 in 10 adults worldwide and has been accompanied by an increase in vision-threatening diabetic retinal disease.

12 Mar 2025

Apple peels beat some diabetes drugs at blocking blood sugar spikes

Researchers found that apple peels from local and commercial varieties are rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. The local cultivar Amarilla de Octubre showed the highest bioactivity, suggesting potential for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

12 Mar 2025

Waist-to-height ratio more accurate than BMI for detecting childhood obesity

Body mass index (BMI) was almost three times more likely to classify children as overweight than waist circumference-to-height ratio, according to a new study.

12 Mar 2025

Limiting TV time may reduce heart disease risk for people with genetic risk for diabetes

Watching no more than one hour of TV a day may lower the risk of heart attack, stroke and other blood vessel diseases among people with varying levels of genetic risk for Type 2 diabetes, including high genetic risk, according to new research published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association, an open access, peer-reviewed journal of the American Heart Association.

12 Mar 2025

Tirzepatide helps people without diabetes lose 13% body weight in real-world study

A real-world study of over 4,000 US patients without type 2 diabetes found that those who persisted with Tirzepatide for at least six months lost an average of 12.9% of their body weight. The study highlights Tirzepatide’s potential as an effective off-label obesity treatment before its formal FDA approval for weight loss.

11 Mar 2025