Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset or noninsulindependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. This form of diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas keeps up with the added demand by producing more insulin. In time, however, it loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. People who are overweight and inactive are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes taking diabetes medicines, making wise food choices, exercising regularly, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and taking aspirin daily—for some.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic condition that develops when the body fails to produce enough insulin or when insulin fails to work properly, which is referred to as insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood to use for energy.

Insulin Resistance Pathophysiology

Insulin Medication

Are Low Carbohydrate Diets Good for Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms

Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes in Men versus Women

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Pathophysiology

What is Insulin Resistance?

Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

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Oral semaglutide delivers real-world drops in blood sugar and weight in diabetes trial

Oral semaglutide delivered meaningful reductions in HbA1c and body weight among GLP-1RA-naïve adults with type 2 diabetes in a Dutch real-world cohort. Lipid levels and blood pressure showed only small changes, reflecting modest cardiometabolic effects outside glucose and weight control.

18 Nov 2025

Experts call for bold policies to curb the health harms of ultra-processed foods

The increase of UPFs in diets worldwide presents an urgent challenge to health that demands coordinated policies and advocacy action to address, says a new three paper Series authored by 43 global experts and published in The Lancet. The Series exposes the tactics UPF companies use to drive consumption and prevent effective policy.

18 Nov 2025

Brain recordings reveal short-lived effects of tirzepatide on food cravings

A rare glimpse into the brain activity of a patient with obesity and loss of control eating on tirzepatide, marketed as Mounjaro and Zepbound, revealed that the medication suppresses signaling in the brain's "reward center" thought to be involved in food noise – but only temporarily.

17 Nov 2025

Are mushrooms more than a low-calorie food? New analysis explains their hidden advantages

Whole mushroom consumption shows consistent benefits for cardiometabolic health, lowering triglycerides in self-chosen diets and improving fasting glucose in a single healthy dietary pattern trial. Early evidence also suggests increases in salivary IgA and possible blood pressure improvements, with no adverse biomarker effects reported.

16 Nov 2025

Dash diet cuts diabetes complications by targeting blood pressure kidney health and inflammation

The DASH diet supports metabolic health in people with diabetes by improving blood pressure, renal function, lipids, and modest glycemic markers while reducing risks linked to vascular and inflammatory pathways. Its broad nutrient-driven mechanisms also benefit related conditions such as neuropathy, PCOS, and retinopathy, making it a versatile tool for cardiometabolic care.

16 Nov 2025

WHO releases first global guidelines for managing diabetes during pregnancy

The World Health Organization (WHO) today released its first global guidelines for the management of diabetes during pregnancy, a condition affecting about one in six pregnancies – or 21 million women annually.

14 Nov 2025

Understanding leptin's dual function in MAFLD pathogenesis

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as a predominant chronic liver condition globally, intricately linked with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome.

14 Nov 2025

Off-label GLP-1 use highlights the cultural pressures driving body anxieties

New obesity drugs that were designed to treat diabetes and obesity are increasingly being used off-label by people without these conditions to achieve slimness and social approval rather than health gains. This perspective maps how such pharmacological thinness interacts with stigma, beauty ideals, digital culture, and inequality, and calls for multinational, intersectional research to understand its full impact.

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Family support helped adults in rural China to reduce blood pressure levels

New research found family support helped adults in rural China reduce their blood pressure.

13 Nov 2025

Ultra-processed foods linked to precursors of early-onset colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer used to be associated with old age, but diagnoses have become increasingly common in adults aged 50 or younger particularly in high-income countries like the United States.

13 Nov 2025

Mursla Bio collaborates with a leading global pharma company to advance biomarker-guided precision medicine in MASH

Mursla Bio, a leader in Extracellular Vesicle (EV) science on a mission to advance precision diagnostics and significantly improve chronic disease outcomes for at-risk patients, today announced a collaboration with a leading global pharmaceutical company recognized for its expertise in precision medicine and biomarker-guided drug development.

From Mursla Bio 13 Nov 2025

What diet do people with type 2 diabetes really want? Study reveals flexibility beats strict meal plans

A large UK survey of adults with type 2 diabetes found that most prefer flexible, food-based diets—particularly moderate calorie restriction or low-carbohydrate plans, over formula-based regimens. Preferences varied by age, lifestyle, and desired outcomes, underscoring the need for personalized dietary support.

11 Nov 2025

Financial incentives increase medication adherence but do not improve blood pressure outcomes

People with high blood pressure were twice as likely to take their blood pressure medication regularly when offered daily chances to win cash rewards, yet they did not achieve better blood pressure measurements compared to people who were not offered financial rewards, according to a preliminary late-breaking science presentation today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2025.

11 Nov 2025

Blue Zones and ACLM launch certification empowering clinicians to promote longevity and well-being

Blue Zones and the American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) today launched the "Blue Zones Certification Course for Physicians and Health Professionals."

11 Nov 2025

Study examines medication adherence in high-risk, low-income populations

People with high blood pressure were twice as likely to take their blood pressure medication regularly when offered daily chances to win cash rewards, yet they did not achieve better blood pressure measurements than people who were not offered financial rewards, a new study shows.

11 Nov 2025

Metformin shows promise in treating AFib recurrence after ablation

People with atrial fibrillation (AFib) and obesity may have fewer episodes of AFib after ablation if they take the diabetes medication metformin in addition to standard care, according to a preliminary, late-breaking science presentation today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2025.

11 Nov 2025

Novel triple receptor agonist shows potent efficacy in lowering high triglycerides

In a small, short duration trial (12 weeks), a new medication called DR10624 reduced triglyceride levels in most patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia by more than 60%, according to a preliminary late-breaking science presentation today at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2025.

11 Nov 2025

Comparative study finds higher rates of adverse events with ticagrelor

One year of treatment with either of two strong blood-thinning medications—ticagrelor and prasugrel—by people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who had a drug-eluting stent placed in their heart to treat coronary artery blockages did not offer the same level of benefit to prevent stent clotting, heart attacks, and bleeding complications, according to findings presented during a preliminary late-breaking science session during the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2025 in New Orleans on November 10.

10 Nov 2025

Ultra-processed food consumption increases the risk for prediabetes in young adults

More than half of calories consumed in the United States come from ultra-processed foods (UPFs), items like fast food and packaged snacks that are often high in sodium, sugar and unhealthy fats.

10 Nov 2025