Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset or noninsulindependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. This form of diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas keeps up with the added demand by producing more insulin. In time, however, it loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. People who are overweight and inactive are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes taking diabetes medicines, making wise food choices, exercising regularly, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and taking aspirin daily—for some.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic condition that develops when the body fails to produce enough insulin or when insulin fails to work properly, which is referred to as insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood to use for energy.

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Latest Type 2 Diabetes News and Research

GLP-1 weight-loss drugs may change what you crave, not just how much you eat

A prospective observational pilot study of 38 adults without diabetes found that three months of semaglutide or tirzepatide treatment was associated with an average weight loss of 7.2 kg, reduced food cravings, increased satiety, and improved self-reported hunger control. Most participants reported smaller meal portions, while some experienced changes in food preferences, although the study could not establish whether the medications directly caused these behavioral changes.

8 Nov 2026

Coffee, vegetables and exercise share a surprising connection in your gut

In a study of 6,803 Japanese adults, researchers identified two opposing gut microbiome patterns linking diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption with general health and 15 chronic diseases. Health-oriented microbial patterns were associated with butyrate production and lower inflammation, while disease-oriented patterns were linked to inflammatory processes, with microbiome-based prediction scores showing potential for distinguishing health and disease across international populations.

8 Nov 2026

Light-powered reaction gives discarded drug compounds new potential

Throughout the drug development process, which can take a decade or more, tens of thousands of chemical compounds are produced that never go on to become medicines.

6 Nov 2026

Obesity drugs may help protect memory and cognitive abilities

Drugs used to treat obesity may also help protect the brain. In a review published in Science, researchers outline how a better understanding of these drugs' effects could lead to new treatments that protect memory and other important cognitive abilities.

6 Nov 2026

China's stricter air quality standards can avert over 200,000 deaths

China introduced a 35 µg m⁻³ annual PM₂.₅ limit in 2012 and later cut population-weighted exposure from 62.8 to 29.7 µg m⁻³ between 2013 and 2024 through clean air actions.

6 Nov 2026

Hidden genetic differences in gut bacteria may hold clues to aging

Researchers analyzed approximately 12.8 million gut microbial genetic variants in 10,781 individuals across six cohorts, identifying 940 independent associations with 69 human health characteristics and environmental exposures. Nearly two-thirds of these associations were not accompanied by significant differences in bacterial species abundance, suggesting that microbial genetics can reveal relationships overlooked by conventional microbiome analyses, although causality remains unproven.

5 Nov 2026

Good sleep protects brain health in people with cardiometabolic disease

People with type 2 diabetes, heart disease or stroke who sleep well have better cognitive function and greater brain volume than people with the same conditions who sleep poorly, according to a new study from Karolinska Institutet.

4 Nov 2026

Eating peanuts every day may change your brains insulin response

The study finds that unsalted peanuts may enhance brain insulin responsiveness, providing new insights into dietary influences on cognitive health in aging.

4 Nov 2026

A three-drug diabetes pill outperformed dual therapy

Clinical trial results indicate that a fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin, glimepiride, and metformin offers superior glycemic control in diabetes therapy.

4 Nov 2026

A low-calorie diet and exercise helped 54% of younger adults achieve diabetes remission

In a randomized clinical trial involving 96 adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes and obesity, a 24-week program combining a low-energy diet with supervised exercise achieved diabetes remission in 54% of participants, compared with 4% receiving usual care. The intervention also reduced body fat, largely preserved muscle mass, and improved strength and body-mass-adjusted fitness, although the additional benefits attributable specifically to exercise remain uncertain.

3 Nov 2026

Study highlights overlooked pain from diabetes-related foot ulcers

Diabetes-related foot ulcers are often associated with numbness in the feet. According to patients, the fact that these ulcers can also cause severe and unpredictable pain does not receive sufficient attention within the healthcare system, according to a doctoral thesis from the University of Gothenburg.

3 Nov 2026

Can pregnancy leave a lasting mark on biological aging?

A review examines how pregnancy spacing affects maternal aging, proposing that insufficient recovery may lead to cumulative biological aging and health risks.

3 Nov 2026

Long-term study supports cardiovascular safety of contemporary hormone replacement therapy

Contemporary hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was not associated with an increased risk for heart attack, stroke, blood clots or death among women ages 45 to 59, according to a large, long-term study of over 52,000 women in Israel.

2 Nov 2026

Two healthy diets stood out in a study of more than 7,000 adults

In a cross-sectional analysis of 7,256 adults from the Maastricht Study, researchers found that greater adherence to the DASH and Dutch Healthy Diet patterns was associated with higher very-low-frequency (VLF) heart rate variability power, particularly among participants not taking beta-blockers. No significant associations were observed across time-domain HRV measures after full adjustment, and the findings do not establish that these diets improve cardiovascular function.

2 Nov 2026

Major studies identify accurate non-invasive tests for liver disease

Two major international studies have delivered the strongest evidence to date on which non-invasive tests can accurately diagnose and measure the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more severe form, MASH, reducing reliance on liver biopsy.

29 Oct 2026

Can broccoli sprouts help with insulin resistance? New review offers clues

A review published in the British Journal of Nutrition examines how carotenoids and bioactive compounds in Brassicaceae microgreens may influence obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes through metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Small human trials involving broccoli sprouts have reported improvements in selected metabolic markers, but larger, longer-term studies are needed to establish their clinical benefits.

29 Oct 2026

Michigan Medicine study reveals how diabetes drug reduces stroke risk

For millions living with type 2 diabetes, heart disease remains one of the greatest threats to their health.

28 Oct 2026

CT scans linked vitamin D levels to fat within muscles after bariatric surgery

Researchers followed 113 adults for one year after bariatric surgery and found that those with higher postoperative vitamin D concentrations had less fat infiltration within certain muscles and lower visceral adiposity. They found no significant association between increases in vitamin D and changes in body composition after correction for multiple comparisons, while preoperative vitamin D levels did not independently predict postoperative body composition.

27 Oct 2026

Men with lower testosterone at 31 reported good health 15 years later

Researchers analyzed testosterone concentrations measured at age 31 in 2,691 Finnish men and assessed self-reported health, medical conditions, and quality of life at age 46. Men across testosterone quartiles generally reported good health and excellent quality of life, while differences in metabolic and gastrointestinal conditions lost statistical significance after adjustment for waist circumference.

27 Oct 2026

High-scoring endocrinologists are more likely to prescribe key diabetes drugs

Endocrinologists who scored highest on the American Board of Internal Medicine's Longitudinal Knowledge Assessment (LKA®) were more likely to prescribe a key diabetes drug class following a treatment guidelines update compared to doctors with lower scores.

27 Oct 2026