Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset or noninsulindependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. This form of diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas keeps up with the added demand by producing more insulin. In time, however, it loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. People who are overweight and inactive are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes taking diabetes medicines, making wise food choices, exercising regularly, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and taking aspirin daily—for some.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic condition that develops when the body fails to produce enough insulin or when insulin fails to work properly, which is referred to as insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood to use for energy.

Insulin Resistance and Parkinson's Disease

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Diabetes in Men versus Women

Causes of Insulin Resistance

Insulin Resistance Symptoms

Insulin Medication

Fibromyalgia and Diabetes

The Risks of Prediabetes

Does the Keto Diet Increase the Risk of Diabetes?

What is Insulin Resistance?

Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes

See more featured articles »

Insulin Resistance Diagnosis

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Pathophysiology

Insulin Resistance Pathophysiology

Type 2 Diabetes Screening and Prevention

Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis

Living With Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin Resistance Treatment

What is Diabetes?

Are Low Carbohydrate Diets Good for Type 2 Diabetes?

Is a Plant-Based Diet Good for Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms

Latest Type 2 Diabetes News and Research

New study defines rare TCF7L2-related neurodevelopmental disorder

Researchers have completed the largest study to date of TCF7L2-related neurodevelopmental disorder (TRND), a rare genetic condition caused by changes in the TCF7L2 gene, which plays an important role in brain development.

18 Sep 2026

Otolaryngologists gather to present latest advances in ear, nose, and throat care

The latest treatments and research advances in ear, nose, and throat care will take center stage in Los Angeles October 17-20, when more than 5,000 of the world's leading otolaryngologists gather for the 2026 Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.

18 Sep 2026

More physical activity linked to lower type 2 diabetes risk in adults

Sex-specific biological clocks reveal how aging differs across the body in women and men

Researchers developed 38 sex-specific biological aging clocks across 15 organ systems, finding differences between females and males in genetic architecture, molecular signatures, disease associations, and mortality patterns. Brain aging clocks were linked to progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease in both sexes and to sex-dependent cognitive trajectories among solanezumab-treated A4 participants, while the authors stressed that sex-pooled and sex-interaction models remain complementary approaches.

17 Sep 2026

CGM reveals glucose patterns linked to cardiometabolic risk in adults without diabetes

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are the clinical gold standards for screening for blood sugar levels yet they provide only static snapshots that fail to reflect the highly dynamic and heterogeneous nature of metabolic impairment.

17 Sep 2026

Being active may not tell the whole story when it comes to weight gain

A five-year study of 2,606 young and early-midlife Finnish municipal employees examined how leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior were associated with gaining at least 10% of baseline body weight. About 24% of women and 12% of men experienced major weight gain, with the analysis pointing to the importance of considering activity and sedentary time together.

17 Sep 2026

Study identifies bile acid that helps reduce excess fat accumulation in the liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a common condition that causes excess fat to build up in the liver, affecting about one-quarter of adults worldwide.

17 Sep 2026

GLP-1 drugs and SGLT-2 inhibitors linked to slower kidney decline

The diabetes drugs glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor drugs may also help to slow decline in kidney function in people with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria (high protein levels in the urine), finds a large US study published by The BMJ today.

17 Sep 2026

Experts call for eating-disorder screening before GLP-1 treatment

An international multidisciplinary panel developed consensus-based recommendations for GLP-1 receptor agonist use in people with eating disorders, calling for screening, individualized monitoring, patient education, and further research into safety and potential therapeutic effects. The experts cautioned that current evidence remains limited and inconsistent, particularly outside binge eating disorder, and identified major gaps in understanding the risk of new or recurrent eating disorders during treatment.

16 Sep 2026

Scientists tested how much whole grain makes a difference. The answer was not simply “more”

A meta-analysis of 87 randomized trials found that increasing whole-grain intake was associated with improvements in several cardiometabolic risk factors, although many individual changes were small or clinically unimportant. Dose-response analyses suggested that the magnitude of the effects varied by outcome and intake level, with limited evidence at very high intakes.

16 Sep 2026

Study defines early-onset cirrhosis caused by fatty liver disease

Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have published the first study to define early-onset cirrhosis caused by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a condition known as fatty liver disease.

16 Sep 2026

Eating four to six wholegrain servings daily protects heart health

Eating four to six servings of wholegrain each day reduces several major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, according to a new study published in the European Heart Journal today (Wednesday).

16 Sep 2026

New AACR report outlines future of cutting-edge cancer research

Today, the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) released the 16th edition of its annual Cancer Progress Report.

16 Sep 2026

Could a daily glass of orange juice support heart health? Study finds citrus compounds influence genes linked to blood vessel function

Naturally occurring compounds in orange juice regulated genes involved in the control of cardiovascular and blood vessel function, according to a new clinical trial.

16 Sep 2026

Cardiovascular disease surpasses cancer as top killer of Hispanic populations in the U.S.

Cardiovascular disease has surpassed cancer as the leading cause of death among Hispanic adults in the U.S., driven by rising rates of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and other risk factors that often begin earlier in life for Hispanic people.

15 Sep 2026

Tirzepatide vs semaglutide for asthma: the difference was smaller than researchers expected

In a US multicenter electronic health record study, researchers compared tirzepatide with semaglutide in adults with asthma and type 2 diabetes, matching 8,176 patients in each treatment group. Asthma exacerbation risk was similar between treatments, while tirzepatide was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving a short-acting beta-agonist prescription.

14 Sep 2026

Stricter glucose control may affect quality of life in people living with diabetes

New research to be presented at the Annual Meeting of The European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Milan, Italy (Sept 28 – Oct 2) shows that, in people living with diabetes (type 1 or 2) using data from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices paired with daily quality-of-life ratings, days with more widely fluctuating glucose readings (while still within safe limits) are followed by days with a better quality life compared to days with more stricter control– suggesting the burden of that stricter control could be preventing those individuals with stricter control from enjoying various activities.

11 Sep 2026

Proteomic signatures reveal early signs of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disease in children

Researchers at Vanderbilt Health, UTHealth Houston and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have identified early signs of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disease (CKMD) in children as young as 8 years old that potentially can be reversed with a new class of weight loss drugs used widely by adults

11 Sep 2026

Healthy checkout ordinance linked to lower soda and candy sales

A new study found that a healthy checkout ordinance implemented in Berkeley, Calif. supermarkets, drug stores, and mass-market retailers in 2021 was linked to notable decreases in soda sales overall and small-package candy in supermarkets, but greater enforcement of such policies is essential for sustained and meaningful public health benefit.

10 Sep 2026

Symptomless liver condition linked to heart and kidney disease

A common liver condition thought to be harmless could be dramatically increasing the risk of heart disease, kidney failure and premature death, according to a new review led by University of Manchester and Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust researchers.

10 Sep 2026