Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset or noninsulindependent diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes. People can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, even during childhood. This form of diabetes usually begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which fat, muscle, and liver cells do not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas keeps up with the added demand by producing more insulin. In time, however, it loses the ability to secrete enough insulin in response to meals. People who are overweight and inactive are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Treatment includes taking diabetes medicines, making wise food choices, exercising regularly, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and taking aspirin daily—for some.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic condition that develops when the body fails to produce enough insulin or when insulin fails to work properly, which is referred to as insulin resistance. Insulin is the hormone that stimulates cells to uptake glucose from the blood to use for energy.

Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis

Diabetes in Men versus Women

Are Low Carbohydrate Diets Good for Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

Insulin Resistance Treatment

What is Insulin Resistance?

Insulin Resistance Symptoms

Type 2 Diabetes Screening and Prevention

Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes

Causes of Insulin Resistance

Insulin Medication

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Latest Type 2 Diabetes News and Research

Study reveals frequent stop-and-start patterns with GLP-1 drugs

People prescribed GLP-1 medications are more likely to start-and-stop than most people assume, according to a study being presented Sunday at ENDO 2026, the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Chicago, Ill.

14 Jun 2026

Testosterone benefits older men with T2D risk when combined with lifestyle changes

Testosterone treatment may improve body composition, glucose metabolism and sexual desire in some older men at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the benefits require engagement in a lifestyle program, according to a study being presented Saturday at ENDO 2026, the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Chicago, Ill.

14 Jun 2026

GLP-1 therapy associated with more dizziness and fainting

Northwestern Medicine scientists have identified a safety concern associated with GLP-1 drugs. Using health record data, the research team tracked more than 42,000 adults already taking at least two types of blood pressure medications.

14 Jun 2026

Scientists uncover protein-folding mechanism linked to diabetes progression

Origami masters turn simple sheets of paper into ornate sculptures. In the origami of life, our cells must fold proteins into specific three-dimensional shapes before they can carry out their biological jobs.

11 Jun 2026

Oral semaglutide improves blood sugar, weight, and liver markers in real-world diabetes care

A nationwide Finnish registry study of 7,249 GLP-1RA-naïve adults with type 2 diabetes found that once-daily oral semaglutide was associated with 12-month improvements in HbA1c, body weight, lipid markers, and ALT.

11 Jun 2026

Oral GLP-1 drug elecoglipron helps adults lose up to 11.8% body weight

Once-daily oral elecoglipron produced dose-dependent weight loss in adults with obesity or overweight without diabetes, with mean reductions reaching 10.5% at 26 weeks and 11.8% at 36 weeks in the highest-dose weekly-titration group. The phase 2 trial found no evidence of a weight-loss plateau by 36 weeks, while gastrointestinal adverse events were common but generally manageable.

11 Jun 2026

Low blood pressure shows strongest link to Alzheimer's disease

Numerous types of cardiovascular disease and CVD risk factors were linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease, with low blood pressure showing the strongest connection, according to a new analysis published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association, an open access, peer-reviewed journal of the American Heart Association.

10 Jun 2026

GLP-1 medicines may cut clot-related risks in chronically inflamed patients

In a target trial emulation using OneFlorida+ electronic health record data, GLP-1 receptor agonist use in adults with obesity and autoimmune disease was linked to lower hazards of pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism, stroke/TIA, emergency department visits, and all-cause mortality.

10 Jun 2026

Obesity drug mazdutide reduces weight and waist size in major trial

Once-weekly 9 mg mazdutide produced clinically meaningful weight loss in Chinese adults with obesity, reducing body weight by 16.65% after 60 weeks versus 1.50% with placebo. The phase 3 GLORY-2 trial also found improvements in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and lipid markers, but gastrointestinal adverse events were common.

9 Jun 2026

New clinical guidelines target interconnected heart, kidney and metabolic risks

The American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, along with two other leading medical organizations have developed the first-ever guideline aimed at preventing and managing cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, an interconnected set of health conditions that significantly increase the risk of multiorgan complications and negative cardiovascular outcomes.

9 Jun 2026

Type 2 diabetes elevates periodontitis risks regardless of glycemic control

Persons with diabetes have an increased risk of periodontitis (gum disease) and tooth loss. The risk of inflammation and bone loss at dental implants was also higher. These are the findings of a thesis at the University of Gothenburg.

9 Jun 2026

Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes gain momentum across the globe

One of the challenges public health officials face in reducing diet-related disease is the relatively easy and inexpensive access to sugar-sweetened beverages globally.

9 Jun 2026

Oral GLP-1 RA reduces blood glucose and bodyweight among people with type 2 diabetes

Oral GLP-1 medications have the potential to increase access to therapies that can help lower blood sugar and reduce bodyweight.

8 Jun 2026

GLP-1 users say the drugs quiet food noise but do not replace lifestyle change

A qualitative study of 30 US adults found that GLP-1 receptor agonists often reduced “food noise,” psychological hunger, and appetite, helping patients feel more able to make deliberate lifestyle changes.

8 Jun 2026

Frailty flags poorer blood pressure control in older women

In 1,038 older adults with hypertension attending outpatient clinics in Vietnam, frailty was more common in women than men, while overall rates of suboptimal blood pressure were similar by sex. Frailty was associated with about twice the odds of suboptimal blood pressure in women, but not in men, highlighting the need to study sex-specific and frailty-informed hypertension care.

8 Jun 2026

Expert review examines widely-held beliefs about dietary protein needs and benefits

A newly published peer-reviewed paper in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition synthesizes findings from a February 2025 scientific workshop.

8 Jun 2026

Weight loss drugs linked to lower risk of alcohol, opioid, nicotine and cocaine use disorders

A new study led by researchers at The University of Texas at El Paso found that use of weight loss drugs like Ozempic and other GLP-1s is associated with a lower risk of developing alcohol, opioid, nicotine and cocaine use disorders.

8 Jun 2026

Diabetes drug dramatically lowers heart failure risk in genetic carriers

Rare genetic variants known to cause cardiomyopathy, an inherited cause of a weak heart, can increase the risk of patients developing heart failure.

8 Jun 2026

NHS online diabetes program improves blood sugar and pressure

NHS England's Healthy Living program offers modest diabetes improvements; addressing engagement and access could enhance its public health effectiveness.

8 Jun 2026

GLP-1 therapies linked to fewer complications in adults with both obesity and autoimmune disease

Among adults with both obesity and an autoimmune disease, those taking a glucagon-like peptide-receptor 1 agonist (GLP-1RA) medication had lower rates of emergency department visits and were less likely to experience serious cardiac events, such as stroke, pulmonary embolism or death when compared to similar adults who were not taking these medications, according to new research published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association, an open-access, peer-reviewed journal of the American Heart Association.

7 Jun 2026