DNA Damage News and Research

RSS

Study points to a new, effective treatment option for patients with mesothelioma

Combining the immunotherapy agent durvalumab with the chemotherapy agents pemetrexed and cisplatin or carboplatin may provide a new treatment option for patients who have inoperable pleural mesothelioma, a cancer of the tissues lining the lungs, according to a phase II clinical trial led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy.

8 Nov 2021

Arginine treatment enhances effectiveness of radiation therapy in cancer patients with brain metastases

Treatment with arginine, one of the amino-acid building blocks of proteins, enhanced the effectiveness of radiation therapy in cancer patients with brain metastases, in a proof-of-concept, randomized clinical trial from investigators at Weill Cornell Medicine and Angel H. Roffo Cancer Institute.

7 Nov 2021

Chromosome aberrations linked to acute toxicities in esophageal cancer patients

Japanese researchers identified chromosome aberrations as a new biomarker in predicting an esophageal cancer patient's risk of experiencing severe chemoradiotherapy side effects.

28 Oct 2021

Clinically significant cataract associated with greater mortality risk from vascular causes

Clinically significant cataract is associated with an increased risk of death from vascular causes, such as stroke and heart attack, suggests research published online in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.

26 Oct 2021

Novel pathways to target breast cancer identified

A pathway helping the breast cancer protein BRCA1 repair damaged DNA has been identified by University of Queensland researchers in a study that will inform future targeted therapies.

20 Oct 2021

Researchers discover new way to jump-start the immune system to attack tumors

Immunotherapy is a promising strategy to treat cancer by stimulating the body's own immune system to destroy tumor cells, but it only works for a handful of cancers.

19 Oct 2021

Zinc oxide in sunscreens destroys UVA protection during sun exposure

During use some sunscreens offer very limited protection against dangerous sunrays and may even be harmful.

15 Oct 2021

New study finds SARS-CoV-2 causes retinal infection

Can coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eye? New research suggests the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can enter the eye and infect photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cells. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the expression of several inflammatory genes, including the cytokine interleukin 33 (IL33), which is linked to COVID-19 disease and retinal degeneration.

13 Oct 2021

Women who carry a mutation in PALB2 gene more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer

Most of us have heard about the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Men and women with a personal and/or family history of breast cancer have been offered testing for mutations in these two genes for a number of years to determine if they are at greater risk for breast and other cancers.

12 Oct 2021

Common gut bacteria can fuel prostate cancer growth and treatment resistance

Common gut bacteria can fuel the growth of prostate cancers and allow them to evade the effects of treatment, a new study finds.

7 Oct 2021

Researchers compare transcriptomic and cytokine responses of colorectal cancer cells

Oncotarget published "Pan-drug and drug-specific mechanisms of 5-FU, irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin, and cisplatin identified by comparison of transcriptomic and cytokine responses of colorectal cancer cells" which reported that there was an increase in IL-8 by oxaliplatin and increase in ferritin by cisplatin which may contribute to cancer cell survival.

29 Sep 2021

Researchers describe a novel role for hnRNP E1 protein in binding DNA in the nucleus

Cancer is a devastating disease and is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. One of the hallmarks of cancer is genomic instability, or the tendency to accumulate mutations and damage to the DNA that leads to genome alterations during cell division.

25 Sep 2021

R37 MERIT Award supports innovative ovarian cancer research

One of the most impactful advancements during the past decade in treating ovarian cancer is the use of PARP inhibitors (short for poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase). PARP inhibitors are a type of cancer drug that blocks the PARP enzyme from helping to repair DNA damage in cancer cells.

18 Sep 2021

GIST researchers unravel coordination mechanism of base excision repair

A new study by researchers from the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology in the Republic of Korea has revealed the mechanism of DNA repair by enzymes exonuclease III and polymerase I by utilizing single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET)-enabled dynamic observation.

14 Sep 2021

SARS-CoV-2 may have consequences to host cells beyond evoking an immune response

A recent study examined the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to impact DNA damage response and telomere stability in Vero E6 cells.

13 Sep 2021

HKBU scientists find significant link between PM2.5 exposure and neurological disorders

A comprehensive, systematic meta-analysis conducted by HKBU scientists found a significant association between exposure to PM2.5, i.e., fine particulates with equivalent diameters of less than 2.5 microns suspended in the air, and neurological disorders.

7 Sep 2021

Cancer treatment with terpyridine platinum compounds induces telomere dysfunction, chromosome instability

Oncotarget published "Terpyridine platinum compounds induce telomere dysfunction and chromosome instability in cancer cells" which reported that this assay is based on the use of two isogenic HT1080 cell lines, one carrying a linear HAC and the other carrying a circular HAC.

6 Sep 2021

Uppsala researchers find solution to long-standing biological search enigma

How the cell can mend broken DNA using another DNA copy as template has puzzled researchers for years. How is it possible to find the correct sequences in the busy interior of the cell? Researchers from Uppsala university have now discovered the solution; it is easier to find a rope than a ball if you are blindfolded.

1 Sep 2021

DNMT2/TRDMT1 gene knockout may potentiate adverse effects related to drug-induced senescence

Aging-US published "The lack of functional DNMT2/TRDMT1 gene modulates cancer cell responses during drug-induced senescence" which reported that cellular senescence may be a side effect of chemotherapy and other anti-cancer treatments that may promote inflammation and paracrine secondary senescence in healthy tissues.

31 Aug 2021

Combination therapy disables PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and induces apoptosis in carcinoid syndrome

Oncotarget published "Next-generation multimodality of nutrigenomic cancer therapy: sulforaphane in combination with acetazolamide actively target bronchial carcinoid cancer in disabling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR survival pathway and inducing apoptosis" which reported that microscopic imaging, immunocytochemistry, wound healing assay, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 CytoDeath ELISA assay, immunofluorescence labeling assays for apoptosis, hypoxia, Western Blotting, Tunnel assay, measurement of 5-HT secretion by carbon fiber amperometry assay, quantitative methylation-specific PCR, morphologic changes, cell viability, apoptosis activity and the expression levels of phospho-Akt1, Akt1, HIF-1α, PI3K, p21, CAIX, 5-HT, phospho-mTOR, and mTOR in xenografts derived from typical H727 and atypical H720 BC cell lines.

28 Aug 2021