Human perception is the ultimate standard for assessing display quality. However, using human inspection as a metrology method in display evaluation for development or production presents challenges due to variations between observations and observers.
Human vision is subjective, unquantifiable, and difficult to replicate, making it hard to apply consistent standards across inspectors.
In a production environment, this variability makes it difficult to apply visual quality standards consistently across multiple sources in a supply chain. It increases the risk of approving defective devices or rejecting functional ones, both of which add costs to the manufacturing process.
Human inspection also lacks detailed quantitative data on defect types and occurrences, as observers tend to identify only the most obvious defects. Additionally, with displays serving as key user interfaces in consumer devices - from televisions to smartphones to automotive interiors - quality control measures that consider human visual experience are especially important in display manufacturing.
Visual display testing is increasingly being automated using photometric and colorimetric imaging systems that objectively quantify visual qualities such as brightness (luminance), color, and contrast. These systems also detect defects like stuck-on or stuck-off pixels, lines, and mura (non-uniform areas or blobs in a display).
Imaging systems with light and color measurement capabilities (imaging colorimeters) provide spatial tolerances for a display’s visual qualities, including size, position, and location. An imaging colorimeter maintains the spatial relationship of measurements across the display, which is essential for assessing spatial variations.
Currently, several commercial systems use imaging colorimeters to detect display non-uniformities in color and brightness, as well as discontinuities such as line and point defects. However, developing an automated system that accurately identifies more subtle defects in a way that aligns with human perception has been more challenging.
Until recently, creating precise software algorithms for automated defect classification that directly correlates with human perception has been difficult. This is partly because human perception of noticeable differences across a display depends on contextual factors that influence defect severity. Standard defect analysis algorithms - such as threshold setting and edge detection - do not always align with how humans perceive these imperfections.
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About Konica Minolta Sensing Americas
Konica Minolta Sensing Americas delivers industry leading optical and imaging measurement solutions that help organizations evaluate color & appearance, light & display performance, surface quality, hyperspectral characteristics, gas composition, and manufacturing integrity with exceptional precision. Our technologies support research laboratories, manufacturing facilities, and global brands seeking to meet strict quality standards, improve productivity, and reduce waste.
In 2026, Konica Minolta Sensing Americas expanded significantly by combining multiple advanced sensing groups into a single, stronger team. This brings customers a single-source portfolio spanning the most trusted brands in the measurement and inspection market.
Radiant products
Designed & manufactured by Konica Minolta Sensing Americas
World leaders in manufacturing rely on Radiant solutions for test and measurement solutions that ensure quality, reduce costs, and improve efficiencies. Based in Redmond, WA, we have proven production experience with thousands of cameras, testing millions of devices worldwide. We approach each application with a wider range of solution options, a global base of experience, and a depth of understanding that enable us to keep raising the benchmarks for practical performance.
Our engineers advanced imaging systems to critically evaluate light, color, manufacturing integrity, and surface quality of illuminated displays and device assemblies. Products include Radiant TrueTest™ Automated Visual Inspection systems for measurement and control, Radiant ProMetric® Imaging Colorimeters and Photometers, and specialty lenses for production-level measurement and control. We back our systems with outstanding consultative technical support, ensuring that our clients enjoy and leverage all the value built into their systems.
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