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How is HIV transmitted from mother to child?

Without intervention, between 25% and 35% of the children born to HIV-positive mothers will themselves be infected.

28 Nov 2005

Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia in labour

Women who receive epidurals during labor report less pain than those who choose opiates or natural childbirth, according to a systematic review of evidence.

28 Nov 2005

Prem babies more at risk of high blood pressure

According to a new Swedish study, premature birth may create a risk for high blood pressure later in life.

22 Nov 2005

Breast-fed babies have less risk of celiac disease

A new study has concluded that breast-feeding significantly lowers the risk of a child developing celiac disease.

22 Nov 2005

Lack of selenium increases risk of knee osteoarthritis

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Thurston Arthritis Center medical scientists and colleagues conducted the research. It focused on the knees of 940 participants enrolled in the Johnston County (N.C.) Osteoarthritis Project, a continuing, federally supported investigation of osteoarthritis that began 15 years ago and is headquartered at UNC.

20 Nov 2005

New respiratory synctial virus treatment for at-risk infants under study

A new, enhanced-potency onoclonal antibody designed to keep the sniffles from turning into a devasting illness in at-risk babies is under study at the Medical College of Georgia Children's Medical Center.

14 Nov 2005

UW researchers aim to understand the development of gaze-following in babies

Infants begin pulling off an amazing feat sometime in the final three months of their first year of life. They learn an important social interaction by following the gaze of an adult, a step that scientists believe gives babies a leg up on understanding language.

14 Nov 2005

Australian society's obsession with looking younger is set to collide with the reality of an ageing population

According to researcher Mair Underwood, who will present her work at the Emerging Researchers in Ageing (ERA) 2005 conference in Brisbane this week, the current fixation with trying to postpone ageing is increasing and the current older generation may be the last to age gracefully.

14 Nov 2005

Maternal malaria and gravidity interact to modify infant susceptibility to malaria

Every year at least 30 million women in malaria-endemic areas of Africa become pregnant. Many of them develop placental malaria, a pregnancy-specific form of the disease, which frequently results in low birth weight of the child.

13 Nov 2005

New screening test can predict Down syndrome in first trimester

According to new research, an early blood test has proven to be an accurate predictor for Down syndrome.

13 Nov 2005

First study to investigate regional low birth weight rates on a national scale

Low birth weight, an important risk factor of infant mortality and childhood developmental disorders, varies more than 3-fold in regions across the U.S., according to national research conducted at Dartmouth Medical School. The study offers promise for health care experts in an area of prenatal health where progress has been elusive.

7 Nov 2005

Unrelated adults, usually a male boyfriend, dramatically increase the risk of inflicted injury

Young children who live in households with one or more unrelated adults are nearly 50 times as likely to die from an inflicted injury, usually being shaken or struck, as children living with two biologic parents, report researchers from the University of Missouri-Columbia and the University of Chicago in the November 2005 issue of the journal Pediatrics.

7 Nov 2005

Study shows impact of birth order on maternal feelings of excessive concern

New research presented at the 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology suggests that birth order impacts child perceptions of maternal solicitousness toward GI symptoms, particularly in families where the mother has Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

1 Nov 2005

Bumetanide may help treat seizures in newborns

A diuretic drug called bumetanide may serendipitously help treat seizures in newborns, which are difficult to control with existing anticonvulsants, according to a study in the November Nature Medicine.

1 Nov 2005

Hypertension and uric acid contributes to premature delivery

Pregnant women with hypertension who also have elevated blood uric acid levels may face an increased risk of complications that could be fatal for mother and baby, University of Pittsburgh researchers have found.

30 Oct 2005

Women with defects in lipoprotein metabolism may actually be able to bear children without complications

A group of Belgian researchers has determined that a pregnant woman's ability to metabolize fats is determined not only by her genes but by her baby's genes as well.

30 Oct 2005

Strong relationship of major depressive disorder to alcohol use disorders, drug disorders and other mental health conditions

Findings from the largest survey ever conducted on the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders among U.S. adults indicates a sharper picture than previously reported of major depressive disorder (MDD) in specific population groups.

27 Oct 2005