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Scientists identify channel that acts as 'brake', limiting spontaneous pain

Scientists have identified a channel present in many pain detecting sensory neurons that acts as a 'brake', limiting spontaneous pain. It is hoped that the new research, published today [22 January] in the Journal of Neuroscience, will ultimately contribute to new pain relief treatments.

22 Jan 2014

CSHL professor identifies two proteins that control structure of chandelier cells

Chandelier cells are neurons that use their unique shape to act like master circuit breakers in the brain's cerebral cortex. These cells have dozens, often hundreds, of branching axonal projections - output channels from the cell body of the neuron - that lend the full structure of a chandelier-like appearance.

17 Jan 2014

People who suffer from brain injuries, strokes often have problems paying attention, concentrating

The brain appears to synchronize the activity of different brain regions to make it possible for a person to pay attention or concentrate on a task, scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have learned.

16 Jan 2014

Study shows wide-ranging variation in patterns of X chromosome inactivation in female mice

Producing brightly speckled red and green snapshots of many different tissues, Johns Hopkins researchers have color-coded cells in female mice to display which of their two X chromosomes has been made inactive, or “silenced.”

10 Jan 2014

New technology efficiently transfers investigational antibodies from blood via blood-brain barrier

Today the scientific journal Neuron published results on the Roche-designed Brain Shuttle technology that efficiently transfers investigational antibodies from the blood through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the brain in preclinical models.

10 Jan 2014

SHY hypothesis challenges theory that sleep strengthens brain connections

Why do animals ranging from fruit flies to humans all need to sleep? After all, sleep disconnects them from their environment, puts them at risk and keeps them from seeking food or mates for large parts of the day.

10 Jan 2014

Biologists discover new pathway for repairing nerve cells

Penn State University molecular biologists have discovered a brand-new pathway for repairing nerve cells that could have implications for faster and improved healing. The researchers describe their findings in a paper titled "Dendrite injury triggers DLK-independent regeneration," which will be published in the 30 January 2014 issue of the journal Cell Reports.

10 Jan 2014

Study raises hopes for new drugs to treat brain disorders associated with neurotransmitter imbalance

Although drugs have been developed that inhibit the imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain - a condition which causes many brain disorders and nervous system diseases - the exact understanding of the mechanism by which these drugs work has not yet been fully understood.

8 Jan 2014

Mannotriose regulates learning and memory signal transduction in hippocampus

The main component of the Chinese herb Rehmannia, mannotriose, can improve learning and memory. Dr. Lina Zhang and colleagues from Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China used 1 - 10 mol/L mannotriose to treat primary hippocampal neurons insulted with 1 - 10 mol/L corticosterone.

7 Jan 2014

New ways to treat substance abuse, neurological diseases and mental illnesses

Researchers at the University at Buffalo have found a way to change alcohol drinking behavior in rodents, using the emerging technique of optogenetics, which uses light to stimulate neurons.

7 Jan 2014

Scientists discover new class of cells expressing olfactory receptors in human airways

Your nose is not the only organ in your body that can sense cigarette smoke wafting through the air. Scientists at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Iowa have showed that your lungs have odor receptors as well.

3 Jan 2014

Study shows good night's sleep may be critical for maintaining brain health

A new study from Uppsala University, Sweden, shows that one night of sleep deprivation increases morning blood concentrations of NSE and S-100B in healthy young men. These molecules are typically found in the brain.

2 Jan 2014

Schizophrenia brain marker matches genetic risk

Polygenic risk for schizophrenia correlates with neural inefficiency in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, say researchers.

24 Dec 2013

NUS scientists open possible new route for treatment of spinal muscular atrophy

A recent study led by scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) opens a possible new route for treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), a devastating disease that is the most common genetic cause of infant death and also affects young adults.

18 Dec 2013

Research findings point to possible new strategy for treating ALS

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, better known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a devastating illness that gradually robs sufferers of muscle strength and eventually causes a lethal, full-body paralysis. The only drug available to treat the disease extends life spans by a meager three months on average.

17 Dec 2013

Study: Brain blood vessel cells may be therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease

A study in mice shows how a breakdown of the brain's blood vessels may amplify or cause problems associated with Alzheimer's disease. The results published in Nature Communications suggest that blood vessel cells called pericytes may provide novel targets for treatments and diagnoses.

14 Dec 2013

New computational model explains how brain maintains balance between plasticity, stability

To learn new motor skills, the brain must be plastic: able to rapidly change the strengths of connections between neurons, forming new patterns that accomplish a particular task. However, if the brain were too plastic, previously learned skills would be lost too easily.

9 Dec 2013

Bonn researchers use reprogrammed neurons for drug testing in Alzheimer patients

Why do certain Alzheimer medications work in animal models but not in clinical trials in humans? A research team from the University of Bonn and the biomedical enterprise LIFE & BRAIN GmbH has been able to show that results of established test methods with animal models and cell lines used up until now can hardly be translated to the processes in the human brain.

9 Dec 2013

Scientists test affected human nerve cells to foretell efficacy of Alzheimer drugs

6 Dec 2013

Study reports new links between brain cell activity and choices where two options have equal appeal

Life presents us with choices all the time: salad or pizza for lunch? Tea or coffee afterward? How we make these everyday decisions has been a topic of great interest to economists, who have devised theories about how we assign values to our options and use those values to make decisions.

6 Dec 2013

Neuron News and Research

Scientists identify channel that acts as 'brake', limiting spontaneous pain

CSHL professor identifies two proteins that control structure of chandelier cells

People who suffer from brain injuries, strokes often have problems paying attention, concentrating

Study shows wide-ranging variation in patterns of X chromosome inactivation in female mice

New technology efficiently transfers investigational antibodies from blood via blood-brain barrier

SHY hypothesis challenges theory that sleep strengthens brain connections

Biologists discover new pathway for repairing nerve cells

Study raises hopes for new drugs to treat brain disorders associated with neurotransmitter imbalance

Mannotriose regulates learning and memory signal transduction in hippocampus

New ways to treat substance abuse, neurological diseases and mental illnesses

Scientists discover new class of cells expressing olfactory receptors in human airways

Study shows good night's sleep may be critical for maintaining brain health

Schizophrenia brain marker matches genetic risk

NUS scientists open possible new route for treatment of spinal muscular atrophy

Research findings point to possible new strategy for treating ALS

Study: Brain blood vessel cells may be therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease

New computational model explains how brain maintains balance between plasticity, stability

Bonn researchers use reprogrammed neurons for drug testing in Alzheimer patients

Scientists test affected human nerve cells to foretell efficacy of Alzheimer drugs

Study reports new links between brain cell activity and choices where two options have equal appeal

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