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London's HIV epidemic was driven by clusters of sexual contacts

The rapid growth of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in London during the late 1990s was driven in part by transmission of the AIDS virus within clusters of sexual contacts, with individuals frequently passing the virus to others within months after becoming infected themselves, according to research published in PLoS Medicine by Andrew Leigh Brown and colleagues at the University of Edinburgh and London's Chelsea and Westminster Hospital.

18 Mar 2008

Keeping middle schoolers from alcohol is a tougher task in the inner city than in rural areas

A three-year, three-pronged prevention program did little to keep Chicago middle schoolers from drinking or using drugs, despite its prior success in rural Minnesota, where the program reduced alcohol use 20 to 30 percent, UF and University of Minnesota researchers recently reported in the online edition of the journal Addiction.

18 Mar 2008

Chikungunya virus appears seldom to harm infants of mothers infected early in pregnancy

Chikungunya virus, an infectious agent transmitted by mosquitoes, appears seldom to harm infants of mothers infected early in pregnancy, but can frequently cause serious problems, including lasting brain injury, in babies born to mothers who acquire the virus near the time of delivery, according to a study in PLoS Medicine.

18 Mar 2008

Discovery of chemical compounds that hold promise as potential therapies for schistosomiasis

A research team supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has identified chemical compounds that hold promise as potential therapies for schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that afflicts more than 200 million people worldwide.

17 Mar 2008

New chemical can kill latent tuberculosis bacteria

Success in the laboratory suggests that a new compound can point the way to preventing active tuberculosis in people infected with the latent form of the bacterium, says a team led by researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City.

17 Mar 2008

Workers exposed to low levels of an asbestos-like mineral from Montana vermiculite may up lung disease risk

Workers exposed to low levels of an asbestos-like mineral from Montana more than two decades ago are at an increased risk for lung disease today, according to research from the University of Cincinnati (UC).

17 Mar 2008

deCODE obesity study sheds light on how genetic factors contribute to major public health problems

In a paper published online in the journal Nature, a team of deCODE scientists detail a major mechanism through which genetic factors contribute to major public health problems.

17 Mar 2008

Next emerging disease will come from tropics, say scientists

Scientists from four well-known institutions say the next major disease like HIV/AIDS or SARS could occur in any of a number of developing countries concentrated along the equator.

14 Mar 2008

Artificial butter chemical acetyl harmful to lungs

A new study shows that exposure to a chemical called diacetyl, a component of artificial butter flavoring, can be harmful to the nose and airways of mice.

14 Mar 2008

Overweight or obese women can improve quality of life with 10 to 30 minutes of exercise

Sedentary, overweight or obese women can improve their quality of life by exercising as little as 10 to 30 minutes a day, researchers reported at the American Heart Association's Conference on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism.

14 Mar 2008

IOF recognizes ESCEO European guidance for osteoporosis diagnosis and management

The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) has welcomed the recently published paper European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).

14 Mar 2008

Is deep-vein thrombosis lurking in your legs?

They kill 300,000 people a year - but most of them could be prevented. They strike more than a million people every year, most of them out of the blue - and half without causing symptoms.

14 Mar 2008

Call for all cigarettes to be sold in plain cardboard packs

Cigarettes should be sold in plain, dull cardboard packs, with nothing but the health warning and the brand name allowed, researchers at the University of Sydney School of Public Health have argued in a major review published in the international research journal, Addiction.

13 Mar 2008

Preschoolers benefit from daycare program to prevent obesity

A preschool-based intervention program helped prevent early trends toward obesity and instilled healthy eating habits in multi-ethnic 2- to 5-year-olds, according to a report presented at the American Heart Association's Conference on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism.

13 Mar 2008

Obesity bottlenecks cellular power plant

The machinery responsible for energy production in fat cells is working poorly as a result of obesity.

13 Mar 2008

Aerosol vaccine provides low-cost, needle-free TB treatment

A novel aerosol version of the most common tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, administered directly to the lungs as an oral mist, offers significantly better protection against the disease in experimental animals than a comparable dose of the traditional injected vaccine, researchers report this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

13 Mar 2008

Grant expands UB/NYU study of nurses' work decisions

Keeping newly licensed nurses working in the profession is critical to solving the chronic nursing shortage experienced across the U.S., an issue nursing researchers at the University at Buffalo and New York University have been studying since 2005.

13 Mar 2008

New discovery could change future diagnosis and therapy of depression

Researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine have discovered that a change in the location of a protein in the brain could serve as a biomarker for depression, allowing a simple, rapid, laboratory test to identify patients with depression and to determine whether a particular antidepressant therapy will provide a successful response.

12 Mar 2008

Red-light cameras significantly increase crashes

Rather than improving motorist safety, red-light cameras significantly increase crashes and are a ticket to higher auto insurance premiums, researchers at the University of South Florida College of Public Health conclude.

12 Mar 2008

New resuscitation approach for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with increased survival

Patients who had cardiac arrests outside of the hospital setting and were treated with a resuscitation approach designed to limit interruption of chest compressions, termed minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation (MICR), were more likely to survive than those patients who received standard treatments, according to a study in the March 12 issue of JAMA.

12 Mar 2008

Public Health News and Research

London's HIV epidemic was driven by clusters of sexual contacts

Keeping middle schoolers from alcohol is a tougher task in the inner city than in rural areas

Chikungunya virus appears seldom to harm infants of mothers infected early in pregnancy

Discovery of chemical compounds that hold promise as potential therapies for schistosomiasis

New chemical can kill latent tuberculosis bacteria

Workers exposed to low levels of an asbestos-like mineral from Montana vermiculite may up lung disease risk

deCODE obesity study sheds light on how genetic factors contribute to major public health problems

Next emerging disease will come from tropics, say scientists

Artificial butter chemical acetyl harmful to lungs

Overweight or obese women can improve quality of life with 10 to 30 minutes of exercise

IOF recognizes ESCEO European guidance for osteoporosis diagnosis and management

Is deep-vein thrombosis lurking in your legs?

Call for all cigarettes to be sold in plain cardboard packs

Preschoolers benefit from daycare program to prevent obesity

Obesity bottlenecks cellular power plant

Aerosol vaccine provides low-cost, needle-free TB treatment

Grant expands UB/NYU study of nurses' work decisions

New discovery could change future diagnosis and therapy of depression

Red-light cameras significantly increase crashes

New resuscitation approach for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest associated with increased survival

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