Pathophysiology News and Research

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Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio linked to depression and suicide risk

An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is significantly associated with increased risk of depressive disorder (DD) and may also correlate with suicide risk among individuals with DD, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis published in the November issue of Harvard Review of Psychiatry, part of the Lippincott portfolio from Wolters Kluwer.

6 Jan 2026

Two isoforms of a cellular energy sensor play distinct, opposing roles in Alzheimer's disease

A comprehensive mini-review published today after peer review in Brain Medicine by Dr. Tao Ma and colleagues at Wake Forest University School of Medicine synthesizes emerging evidence that two isoforms of a critical cellular energy sensor play distinct, and sometimes opposing, roles in Alzheimer's disease.

6 Jan 2026

Periodontal bacterial load associated with disease severity in multiple sclerosis

Increasing evidence suggests that the severe gum disease, periodontitis, may contribute to central nervous system disorders through chronic inflammation.

30 Dec 2025

Autoimmune attack on CASPR2 drives nerve hyperexcitability and involuntary muscle activity

A scientific review on autoimmune neurological diseases reveals what occurs in our body when the immune system, by mistake, produces antibodies that target a protein essential for the normal functioning of nerves.

12 Dec 2025

Early warning for diabetes: AI model identifies prediabetes risk with high accuracy

A Scientific Reports study developed a pattern neural network that integrates total antioxidant status with clinical and metabolic markers to predict prediabetes in Indian adults. The model achieved very high accuracy and highlighted oxidative stress and waist circumference as key predictors, supporting earlier detection before progression to type 2 diabetes.

10 Dec 2025

Restless legs syndrome linked to higher Parkinson’s disease risk

The study shows restless legs syndrome is associated with higher Parkinson's disease incidence, raising questions about treatment impacts on symptoms.

5 Dec 2025

Expert guidelines for fungal endophthalmitis in the Asia-Pacific region

Fungal eye infections affect millions globally, with an especially high incidence in South and Southeast Asia.

1 Dec 2025

Texture-based analysis of OCT images reveals early retinal changes in diabetes

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults, affecting more than 130 million people worldwide.

27 Nov 2025

FOLFIRINOX shows promise as a second-line option for advanced biliary tract cancer

Biliary tract cancers, including intrahepatic, perihilar, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, are among the most aggressive gastrointestinal malignancies.

27 Nov 2025

Poor lung gas exchange may help explain lingering brain symptoms in Long COVID

This study found that people with Long COVID more than two years after infection showed normal lung tests and brain structure, yet reported significant sleep and cognitive symptoms. Subtle correlations revealed that poorer lung gas exchange was linked with higher brain perfusion, worse sleep, and weaker executive function, suggesting a possible lung–brain connection.

25 Nov 2025

Moderate coffee intake linked to slower biological aging in people with severe mental illness

Drinking a maximum of 3-4 cups of coffee a day may slow the 'biological' ageing of people with severe mental illness, by lengthening their telomeres-indicators of cellular ageing-and giving them the equivalent of 5 extra biological years, compared with non-coffee drinkers, finds research published in the open access journal BMJ Mental Health.

25 Nov 2025

Inflammatory biomarkers offer new insights for precision medicine in ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke, a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, is a complex cerebrovascular event with outcomes heavily influenced by the inflammatory response.

20 Nov 2025

Advances in diagnosis and management of chronic subdural hematoma

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions, particularly among the elderly, with an annual incidence ranging from 1.7 to 20.6 per 100,000 people.

18 Nov 2025

Dysfunctional mitochondria shown to initiate the onset of Parkinson's

For decades, scientists have known that mitochondria, which produce energy inside our cells, malfunction in Parkinson's disease.

17 Nov 2025

Understanding leptin's dual function in MAFLD pathogenesis

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as a predominant chronic liver condition globally, intricately linked with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome.

14 Nov 2025

Breakthroughs in theranostic nanomaterials for traumatic brain injury management

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the most pressing public health challenges, leaving millions with lasting disabilities each year.

12 Nov 2025

American College of Cardiology and OpenEvidence partner to bring AI into cardiovascular care

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and OpenEvidence are entering a strategic partnership to accelerate the translation of cardiovascular clinical guidance and research into clinical implementation at the point of care.

7 Nov 2025

Exploring endogenous retroviruses as hidden drivers of alcohol use disorder

Alcohol use disorder (AUD), characterized by uncontrollable alcohol consumption due to physical and psychological dependence, affects approximately 14.1 million people in the U.S.

7 Nov 2025

New review illuminates the intricate connections between gut microbiota and sleep regulation

A comprehensive review published today in Brain Medicine illuminates the intricate connections between gut microbiota and sleep regulation, establishing the microbiota-gut-brain axis as a critical pathway in understanding and potentially treating sleep disorders.

4 Nov 2025

International experts urge the reclassification of postpartum psychosis to improve treatment

An international panel of leading women's mental health experts – including UVA Health's Jennifer Payne, MD – is calling to reclassify postpartum psychosis as its own category of mental illness to improve the care new mothers receive.

3 Nov 2025