Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.

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Vaccine History

Vaccine Immunity

Vaccine Production

Plant-Derived Vaccines

Could there be a Salmonella Vaccine?

What is an Inactivated Vaccine?

What is a Subunit Vaccine?

A New Breed of Vaccine: Exploring Doggybone ™ DNA Technology

What are the Different Types of Vaccines?

Vaccine Schedule

What the Newest mRNA Vaccines Could Do Beyond COVID

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History of Vaccination

What is Immunobridging?

What are Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines?

Immunization strategies: What lessons can we learn from successful campaigns?

The Essential Program on Immunization is 50: Milestones, achievements, and future directions

What is the Importance of Vaccination Coverage?

Vaccine Effectiveness

What is a Non-Replicating Vaccine?

What is a VLP Vaccine?

Hib Immunization

What is a DNA Vaccine?

How are Vaccines Stored?

What is an RNA Vaccine?

Vaccination in Humanitarian Settings

What are Adenovirus-Based Vaccines?

Role of Computer Modeling in Vaccine Development

What are the Main Causes of Vaccine Hesitancy?

Vaccine Delivery

The Big Catch-Up: How the COVID-19 pandemic impacted vaccination coverage

What is a Live-Attenuated Vaccine?

Transforming Vaccine Design: The Promise of Systems Biology

What is a Vaccine Breakthrough?

Insight into Personalized Vaccines

How Veterinary Vaccines Affect Human Health

Vaccine Excipients

What are Vaccines?

What is a Toxoid Vaccine?

The Future of Vaccines

Investigating the Importance of Investing in Vaccine Manufacturing

Latest Vaccine News and Research

COVID and flu vaccination rates during pregnancy remain low in Norway

A study of over 50,000 pregnant women in Norway during the 2023/24 influenza season found that only 29.9% were vaccinated against influenza and 12.1% against COVID-19 during pregnancy, remaining far below recommended targets.

19 Feb 2026

Study: Booster vaccines reduced severe COVID outcomes

Booster vaccines reduced the risk of COVID‑19–related hospitalisation and death, according to a new study of over 3 million adults who had the autumn 2022 vaccine in England.

18 Feb 2026

COVID vaccination during pregnancy linked to lower preeclampsia risk

A new multinational study from the INTERCOVID Consortium, including Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, has found that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, particularly when combined with a booster dose, significantly reduces the risk of preeclampsia, a serious and potentially life-threatening pregnancy complication.

18 Feb 2026

Fred Hutch scientists reach crucial milestone in blocking Epstein Barr virus

Fred Hutch Cancer Center scientists reached a crucial milestone in blocking Epstein Barr virus (EBV), a pathogen estimated to infect 95% of the global population that is linked to multiple types of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and other chronic health conditions.

17 Feb 2026

OVACell project pioneers viral target immunotherapy for ovarian cancer

A small team at OVACell is fighting ovarian cancer with hidden viral sequences and advanced immunotherapies.

16 Feb 2026

Aptar Pharma’s intranasal solutions power CastleVax Phase II clinical trials for next-gen COVID-19 vaccine

In a significant step forward for mucosal immunity, Aptar Pharma has announced that its innovative nasal delivery systems are being utilized in CastleVax’s Phase II clinical trial for CVAX-01, an intranasal COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

From Hanson Wade Group - 4th Nasal Formulation & Delivery Summit 16 Feb 2026

Why lung cancer in never smokers is rising and how targeted detection could reduce deaths

Lung cancer in never smokers is an increasingly recognized global health issue with distinct biological drivers, environmental risk factors, and genetic susceptibilities. Improved risk modelling, targeted screening strategies, and preventive approaches are needed to enable earlier detection and reduce mortality in this growing patient group.

15 Feb 2026

Nasal COVID vaccine boost increases IgA responses linked to variant neutralisation

Intranasal boosting after prior intramuscular COVID vaccination induced strong mucosal IgA responses in a small human cohort. These antibodies showed markedly enhanced neutralising activity against Omicron variants and evidence of immune memory reprogramming toward mucosal protection.

15 Feb 2026

Antibody feedback reshapes B cell selection during immune response

A collaborative study published in Immunity from the Batista Lab and Liu Lab at the Ragon Institute, together with the Schief Lab at Scripps Research Institute, has uncovered a previously unrecognized mechanism that shapes how immune cells are selected during an immune response.

13 Feb 2026

Engineered Listeria boosts innate immunity against cancer

After nearly 40 years of research on how Listeria bacteria manipulate our cells and battle our immune system to cause listeriosis, Daniel Portnoy and his colleagues have discovered a way to turn the bacteria into a potent booster of the immune system - and a potential weapon against cancer.

13 Feb 2026

Novel antibody 007 targets the elusive HIV envelope epitope

HIV-1 can be neutralized by antibodies which bind to vulnerable structures on the virus surface. One such vulnerable site is the so-called V3 glycan site of the viral envelope protein.

13 Feb 2026

Immunocompromised individuals require multiple Covid booster doses

Vaccinations alone may not be enough to protect people with compromised immune systems from infection, even if the vaccine has generated the production of antibodies, new research from the University of Cambridge has shown.

13 Feb 2026

RFK Jr. made promises in order to become health secretary. He’s broken many of them.

One year after taking charge of the nation’s health department, Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. hasn’t held true to many of the promises he made while appealing to U.S. senators concerned about the longtime anti-vaccine activist’s plans for the nation’s care.

13 Feb 2026

Case report examines potential cancer risks after mRNA vaccination

A new case report was published in Volume 17 of Oncotarget on February 6, 2026, titled "Exploring the potential link between mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations and cancer: A case report with a review of haematopoietic malignancies with insights into pathogenic mechanisms."

12 Feb 2026

COVID vaccination during pregnancy not associated with neurodevelopmental problems in children

The mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is not associated with autism or other neurodevelopmental problems in children whose mothers received the vaccine immediately before or during pregnancy, according to new research presented today at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) 2026 Pregnancy Meeting.

11 Feb 2026

Nanovaccine design boosts immune attack on HPV tumors

Throughout the past decade, Northwestern University scientists have uncovered a striking principle of vaccine design: Performance depends not only on vaccine components but also on vaccine structure.

11 Feb 2026

Study uncovers immune trigger behind vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis

A global research collaboration of scientists from McMaster University (Canada), Flinders University (Australia) and Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (Germany) uncovered why a small number of people developed dangerous blood clots after either receiving certain COVID‑19 vaccines or experiencing a natural adenovirus infection, and the answer lies in an unexpected case of misdirected targeting by the immune system.

11 Feb 2026

New strategy harnesses pre-existing antiviral immunity to boost anti-tumor responses

Because many different types of cancer cells overexpress programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), this cell surface protein is a major target of cancer immunotherapy.

11 Feb 2026

Safety perceptions of major vaccines show significant drop over the past three years

In a winter marked by flu outbreaks, the persistence of Covid-19, and surges of measles cases across the United States, an Annenberg survey finds that a sizable majority of Americans think the three vaccines that combat these potentially deadly illnesses are safe to take, although perceptions of the safety of all three vaccines showed a statistically significant drop over the past three years.

10 Feb 2026