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Presbyopia Diagnosis

The age-related medical condition which results in the loss of a person’s ability to see objects clearly at a near distance is known as presbyopia. It is caused by a gradual and progressive hardening of the lens, which is accompanied by a decrease in the length of the ciliary muscle and a directly proportional decrease in its capacity to fully accommodate the eye for near distance objects. It most often manifests by the fifth decade of life and almost all older people, regardless of how perfect their vision was during earlier years, will experience it.

10 Aug 2017

Presbyopia Symptoms

Presbyopia is an age-related medical condition whereby a person loses the ability to see objects at near distance clearly.

10 Aug 2017

Presbyopia - Age-Related Farsightedness

Presbyopia is a medical condition whereby a person loses the ability to see objects clearly at near distance, while maintaining clear vision for long distance vision. Practically everyone will experience presbyopia after a point in their lives. In fact, it is a fairly predictable sign that one has entered mid-life, because it is most prevalent in those who are 50 years or older.

10 Aug 2017

What is Neuroanatomy?

Neuroanatomy is the study of the relationship between structure and function in the nervous system. Neuroanatomy includes the study of macroscopic and microscopic structures. Macroscopic structures are larger structures, such as folds of the brain.

9 Aug 2017

Managing Neurogenic Bladder

Neurogenic bladder control is a condition of loss of urinary function due to nerve, spinal cord or brain damage. A variety of circumstances can lead to neurogenic bladder, including spinal injury, neurologic disorders, or systemic disease of the body like diabetes.

9 Aug 2017

Hair Follicle Tumors

Tumors of the hair follicle are called folliculoma or trichofolliculoma. It is a benign and rare tumor seen mainly in the face, but may also present on the neck, scalp, or ears. It affects males more frequently than females. Tumors of the hair follicle are most commonly diagnosed in late teenage years, but in some cases are seen even after age 40 and have also been seen at birth in rare cases.

9 Aug 2017

What is Anesthesiology?

The branch of medicine that is focused on the relief of pain in the perioperative period (i.e. before, during or after a surgical procedure) is known as anesthesiology.

9 Aug 2017

General Anesthesia

The state of sedation, analgesia, amnesia and muscle paralysis is called general anesthesia. In other words, general anesthesia is an induced, reversible and controlled loss of consciousness. This state is necessary to perform surgical procedures that would otherwise cause excruciating pain and potentially generate a stress response from the body. This in turn could hamper attempts to surgically manage the patient, and more often than not, result in traumatic memories for the patient.

9 Aug 2017

Local Anesthesia

The localized loss of sensation with resultant reduction in pain stimuli is the end result of local anesthesia. This mode of anesthesia is considered to be safer than general anesthesia, because it bypasses the systemic (i.e. body-wide) effects seen with general anesthesia, such as a loss of consciousness and hemodynamic alterations.

9 Aug 2017

Neurogenic Bladder

A neurogenic bladder is a term for the lack of bladder control caused by an injury to the spine, brain, or nerves affecting afferent or efferent signaling. These nerves carry messages between the bladder and spinal cord, and direct the holding and release of urine. When the nerves fail to function, the symptoms of neurogenic bladder develop.

9 Aug 2017

Painful Bladder Syndrome

Painful bladder syndrome or interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic, life-long medical condition, creates urinary symptoms that are painful. The intensity of the pain varies across individuals; some individuals may feel less discomfort in the pelvic region, while others may experience chronic bladder pain or the urge to urinate suddenly or frequently.

9 Aug 2017

How is Social Anxiety Diagnosed?

Social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder, is a condition where the person feels an intense shyness or fear.

9 Aug 2017

Tests for Cystic Fibrosis During Pregnancy

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that affects the lungs, pancreas, digestive system, and many other organs. It is caused by a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The CFTR protein controls transport of salt in and out of the cell, and mutations in the gene result in an imbalance in that transport system, leading to a build-up of thick, sticky mucus in the tissues. This leads to symptoms and complications, particularly in the lungs, where the thick mucus obstructs airways and traps bacteria, causing frequent infections.

9 Aug 2017

Water Birth Safety

There are other conditions as well which must be followed to ensure that a water birth is safe for both mother and infant. The question of a safe birth in water is a vexed one, with American paediatricians and obstetricians pitting their opposition to birth in water to the widespread endorsement of water birth as a safe alternative to land birth in most of Europe.

9 Aug 2017

Urologic Diseases

The urinary system is comprised of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system (also called the renal system) is to remove waste from the body and to regulate electrolytes, blood volume, blood pressure, and blood pH. The kidneys filter the blood so the waste can exit through the ureters to the bladder in the form of urine.

9 Aug 2017

Labor: what is the “show”?

These symptoms often signal the earliest phase of the first stage of labor, namely, the latent phase. This involves the thinning or effacement of the thick tubular cervix which is closed tightly throughout a normal pregnancy, so that it becomes a thin rim stretched over the uterine opening.

8 Aug 2017

Secondary Lung Cancer

In primary lung cancer, cancerous lung cells are the cause of cancer. The cell types in metastases or secondary cancer are the same as those in the primary cancer. For example, if the bowel cancer has spread to the lungs, then the cell type of the secondary lung cancer comprises of bowel cancer cells.

8 Aug 2017

Secondary Brain Cancer

Cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bowel cancer, and melanoma skin cancer can spread to the brain causing secondary brain cancer, which is approximately 10 times more frequent compared to primary brain cancer.

8 Aug 2017

Genetics of Eyesight

Eyesight refers to the capability of an individual to view things. The eyes collect the light from an object that is processed by the brain. The retina is a light-responsive layer that acts as a screen located at the back of each eye.

8 Aug 2017

Oral Candidiasis Causes

An overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans or other Candida speciesin the mouth is responsible for causing oral thrush. A small quantity of Candida fungus is naturally present in the mouth and digestive tract of most individuals, and it does not usually cause an infection and resulting symptoms. However, changes in the oral environment under certain circumstances can cause the fungus tomultiply and lead to the presentation of oral thrush.

8 Aug 2017