Citrulline News and Research

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Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid. In hepatocytes, L-citrulline is synthesized in the urea cycle by the addition of carbon dioxide and ammonia to ornithine. L-citrulline is converted into L-arginine by the enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase in the presence of L-aspartate and ATP. Subsequently, L-arginine is converted to nitric oxide by nitric oxide synthase and L-citrulline is regenerated as a by-product.

Metformin targets the gut instead of the liver to lower glucose

For decades, physicians and scientists thought metformin, the leading Type 2 diabetes medication taken by millions worldwide, mainly targets the liver to suppress glucose production.

8 May 2026

Beetroot supplement raises nitric oxide markers in triathletes after one week

A randomized cross-over pilot study in 10 amateur male triathletes found that a beetroot-based multi-ingredient nitrate supplement increased nitric oxide-related and redox biomarkers over 7 days without evidence of lipid oxidative damage. The supplement was generally well tolerated, but the study did not measure whether these biochemical changes improved performance or recovery.

13 Apr 2026

New research identifies molecular pathways linking hot weather and preterm birth risk

An Emory University study, published Friday by Science Advances, provides the first evidence that exposure to higher temperatures during pregnancy is linked to specific biological changes in mothers that are also associated with preterm birth.

22 Nov 2025

Does eating watermelon lower blood pressure?

Researchers reviewed the role of watermelon as a natural source of L-citrulline and its potential to improve cardiovascular health by enhancing nitric oxide production. While promising effects on blood pressure and arterial stiffness were seen in at-risk groups, long-term and dose-specific studies are still needed to confirm clinical benefits.

15 Oct 2025

Artificial sweetener may undermine effectiveness of cancer treatment

Sucralose is a popular sugar substitute for people who are cutting calories or managing blood sugar levels, but new research by the University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center suggests that the artificial sweetener may not be the best choice for patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy.

31 Jul 2025

Plant-based diets may help prevent erectile dysfunction

A narrative review in The Journal of Nutrition suggests that whole-food plant diets may help prevent or improve erectile dysfunction (ED) by supporting vascular health and reducing risk factors such as LDL cholesterol and inflammation. However, most evidence is observational, and more clinical trials are needed.

25 Jun 2025

Expert review reveals how to fuel triathletes for optimal results

This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 35 studies to guide optimal nutrition, supplementation, and recovery for triathletes. The findings highlight the critical importance of glycogen balance, hydration, targeted supplementation, and ongoing education—especially for female athletes at risk of energy deficiency.

2 Jun 2025

Exploring citrullination as a key regulator of gene expression and disease

Citrullination, a transformative protein post-translational modification, is gaining recognition for its wide-ranging impact on cellular function and human disease.

20 Apr 2025

A new era of targeted therapy with antibody–drug conjugates

TBC

From Sino Biological Inc. 16 Dec 2024

Is the microbiome linked to post-traumatic stress disorder outcomes?

The potential role of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in this interaction.

21 Nov 2023

Wistar scientists uncover a key mechanism as to how p53 suppresses tumors

The p53 gene is one of the most important in the human genome: the only role of the p53 protein that this gene encodes is to sense when a tumor is forming and to kill it.

5 May 2023

Research underscores watermelon's contributions to diet quality and heart health

There's no question that watermelon is both delicious and nutritious, but new research underscores this nutrient-rich fruit's contributions to overall diet quality and heart health.

4 May 2023

Researchers identify micronutrient supplementation to reduce cardiovascular risk

Healthy diets are rich in antioxidants like amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin C, but exactly how beneficial these micronutrients are for cardiovascular health has long been controversial.

6 Dec 2022

Overview of the roles of neutrophils in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases

Researchers assess the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders.

23 Oct 2022

Study explores novel antiviral activity of PAD inhibitors against human beta-coronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2

In a new study, researchers aimed to determine if peptidyl-arginine deiminases inhibitors may be used as a novel class of host-targeting antivirals against human coronaviruses.

21 Mar 2022

Deadly "dry scooping" pre-workout powder is becoming popular on the internet, research shows

A potentially deadly new challenge called "dry scooping" is prevalent on the internet, and new research shows video demonstrations on one social media platform popular among teens amassed more than 8 million views. Dry scooping refers to the improper use of pre-workout supplements, a powder typically added to liquid and containing ingredients that are unsuitable for children.

11 Oct 2021

A modified protein mediates development of lung fibrosis after cadmium/carbon black exposure

The triggers and causes of a severe scarring disease of the lungs -- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF -- remain unclear.

18 Mar 2021

Severe COVID-19 complications linked to gut barrier breakdown

A new study claims that severe COVID-19 is caused by a positive feedback loop triggered by systemic inflammation and mediated by abnormal gut permeability. This finding could potentially help open up new avenues of treatment.

18 Nov 2020

Combination of antibodies shown to cause rheumatoid arthritis

Researchers have shown that severe inflammation and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is primarily caused by a combination of different antibodies.

12 Jun 2018

Immune response in RA patients linked to inflammation and joint damage

To diagnose rheumatoid arthritis, antibodies to the amino acid citrulline are commonly measured. A new study from Uppsala University shows that a broad mix of different antibodies in the joints is the dominant factor that can be associated with severe inflammation and joint damage.